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URBAN
DYNAMICS AND CRIME CONTROL
ABSTRACT
This research is essentially a
descriptive one bearing in mind that peevishly and work has gone in to issues
of crime in urban areas. If often assumed that urban areas are synonyms with
crime and that the more an area becomes urban the more the rate of crime
increases. It is against this background that this research is premised. We
should know that the dynamics of urbanization can cause rapid changes in the
rate of crime in an area. Also its evaluation of the efficiency of the police
as a major form of crime control (both in reporting and curbing crime) was
carried out.
Our case study is Abeokuta South
Local Government Area of Ogun State commonly which is experiencing rapid
urbanization due to the presence of offices, shopping complexs, presidential
houses, school, Eateries and cafes. Since our research is descriptive in nature
we made reference to a lot of secondary data we collected data in the form of
crime statistics. An evaluation of crime
cases document from 1997-2007 was carried out. Also we interviewed some
residents of the community by asking their perception of policing in the area
and also their view on alternative means of crime control (vigilante groups,
night watchmen etc.).
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Urbanization
dynamics with the physical power and forces of pulling a large number of people
to become permanently concentrated in a relatively small area of forming cities
as a result of large number of people migrating in search of greener pasture.
The advent
of industrilazation marks a great turn in human resistence, it being the
acecendent that has brought tremendrous in every aspect of human social life
the dividend of industrialization is double faceted, one of which is being
pivotal in the development or economics, attainment of political poer and
general changes in socil cultural life, industrial area are often view as the
epitome of good living attrate a high inflow of people in search of green
pasture. However industrialzation is a major cause of the myriad of social
problem that have been plug in human societies to this crime which is one of
major social problem that pervate our society is quite pertinent to tthe study.
For the
decades researchers have carried out studies on the incidence of crime. They
hyave attempted to explain why crime ismore prevalent in certain place that
others. In concordiance with this, studies have often speculated that crime is
predominant in urban areas, however the features aligns with urban areas show that
they have intendency to have more frequent occurences of crime. Features such
as the high population, the high level of inequalities, interogeneous natures
of the resisdent. The social control mechanism among others. The field or
sociology has been termed urban crime studies. It invovle the scientific study
of crime in urban-area and stretches across measuring the frequncies of crime
cases in urban area using available data provided by statistics agencies or
police report, the demographic features such as population size and density.
The immigration/emmigration and then the socio-economic and culture factors.
The factors mentioned are instrumented in aiding researchers view the pattren
of an area assuming status and the seemingly proportionate level of crime.
1.2
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Urban life
is usually depicted with negativity stemming from the words of red field urban
sociology thus assumption cannot be regarded as far-fetched. The social
relationship in urban areas can almost be set at zero tolerance.individuls are
tooengroossed in securig there basic needs and any other activity is deemed as
secondary.the problem of crime in urban sociologies as adispline.urban
residents live with crime every day,from non violence oriented crimes like
rape,armd robbery and murder.also the indiscriminate use of hard drug is
becoming quite habitual among the young people in the urban areas.with these
mentiond,the question then ariess that are there no way in which crime in urban
ares can be checked? In rural systems social control mechanism are mainly
informled in nature (though there are still formal mechanism present)
since rural communites are very
homogeneous individals can be deterred from crime when they are aware that someone
close to them might discover any acts of crime they commits. That is the
closely larit relationship such as immediate family members, the extended
family and the other kinsmen acting as a third eye and at the same time serving
as a check on their activities.
However in
urban area the reverse is the case, the heterogeneous nature of the resident
caused by a near obsessive drive to achieve the mainstream valves ( which is
the acquisition of wealth was diminishes any aspect or this informal fform of
social control and even if there was it would be as it’s most minimal.
The control
of crime is now left to the formal
agents or social control, which is mainly the police. The primary priority of
the police is to secure and protect the lives and property of the citizens. A
rather rhetoric question can then proposed, “how far have the police gone in
fighting and cubing crime to a considerable level?” this question can be
regardedas rhetoric considering the fact that the police in some cases are the
prepetrators of the problem in question crime. They have been know to carry out
their jutics in streaks of violence (reffered to as police brutality) extorting
the populace and forming alliances with criminal gangs.
1.3 RESEARCH QUESTION
The set of
question will be the foundation on which this research will be build on. The
question will serve as a guide in reaching the goal of the study urbanizes?
1. Is there a proportion increase in crime
rate as an area urbanizes?
2. Why is crime more prevalent in urban
area?
3. What are the perception of the urban
residents of the police on safe-guarding life and property?
4. Are there any alternatives measures (a
part from the police) for reducing crime in urban areas.
1.4 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
This
research is essentially a descriptive one, bearing in mind that previously a
bit of extensive research has gone onto the issue of crime in urban areas. It
is assumed that urban areas are synonymous with crime and that the more reason
an area becomes the level of crime increases. We shall attempt to have a more
lucid perspective of this, simulating with the “Ibara” community of abeokuta
south local government as our study area. The following will be the objective of
this work;
Our first
objective will be aimed at showing a relationship between the rapids
urbanization of an area an a relative
increase in crime.
Secondly to
ascertain the effectiveness of the polic in reporting and controlling crime in
Ibara.
Thirdly to
find out of the resident of Ibara on
crime control bynthe local police force.
Fourthlyin
the view of the depredating standard in the control of crime by the police we
intend to find out if the adoption of non-formal forms of crime control by the
residents are effective.
Finally we
shall be procuring solution to the stated problems.
1.5 JUSTIFICATION OF THE STUDY
Since there
is endless rise in the rate in the rate of urbanizing areas which would
invariably cause a rise in crime. This reseach will give us a better
understanding on the intricacies surrounding crime as regards to urban growth.
In essence as an area assumes urban status more measure will be put in place to
cub the already anticipated increase in crime.It will help to redress the lukewarm
nature through which the police reports and flight crime. It proper
documentation of crime is more concentrated
also the frequency of reported crime would help the police know how much
manpower and time would be neededed for more effective crime fighting.
Finally the research aims to shows the
importance of alternative methods of cubing crime such as vigilante groups.
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