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SECURITY
SINUSOIDAL TRANSFORM OF SPEECH CODING FOR MOBILE COMMUNICATION
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
The
introduction of speech coding for mobile communication through security
sinusoidal transformation. Speech coding is the application of data compression
of digital audio signal containing speech. Speech coding uses speech-specific
parameter estimation using audio signal processing techniques to model the
speech signal, combined with generic data compression algorithms to represent
the resulting modeled parameters in a compact bitstream. The two most important
applications of speech coding are mobile telephony and voice over IP.
The
techniques employed in speech coding are similar to those used in audio data
compression and audio coding where knowledge in psychoacoustics is used to
transmit only data that is relevant to the human auditory system. For example,
in voice band speech coding, only information in the frequency band 400HZ to
3500Hz is transmitted but the reconstructed signal is still adequate for
intelligibility.
Speech
coding differs from other forms of audio coding in that speech is a much
simpler signal then most other audio signals, and a lot more statistical
information is available about the properties of speech. As a result, some
auditory information which is relevant in audio coding can be unnecessary in the
speech coding context. In speech coding, the most important criterion is
preservation of intelligibility and pleasantness of speech, with a constrained
amount of transmitted data. The intelligibility of speech includes, the actual
literal content, speaker identity, emotions, intonation, timbre etc. In
addition, most speech applications require low coding delay, as long as coding
delays interfere with speech interaction
Communication
is the exchange of thoughts, messages or information, as by speech, signals,
writing or behaviour. It is derived from the latin word.
“Communis”,
which means to share. Communication requires a sender, a message and a
recipient, although the receiver need not be present or aware of the sender’s
intent to communicate at the time of communication, thus communication can
occur across vast distances in time and space. Communication requires that the
communicating parties share an area of communicative commonality. The
communication process is complete once the receiver has understood the message
of the once the receiver has understood the message of the sender. Feedback is
critical to effective communication between participants. Bandwidth is a key
concept in many telephony applications. In radio communications, for example,
band width is the frequency range occupied by a modulated carrier wave, whereas
in optics, it is the width of an individual spectral line or the entire
spectral range.
In many
signal processing contexts, bandwidth is a valuable and limited range of
frequencies. A government agency may apportion the regionally available
bandwidth to broadcast license holders so that their signals do not mutually
interfere.
For
different applications there are different precise definitions for bandwidth.
It could be defined as the range of frequencies beyond which the frequency
function is zero. This would correspond to the mathematical notion of the
support of a function. Bandwidth can also be referred to as the frequencies
where the frequency function is small.
Bandwidth
typically refers to base band or as a pass band for communication systems.
1.2 CHARACTERISTICS OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION WITH RESPECT TO SPEECH CODERS
There are a
number of additional characteristics of mobile communication, some of which are
closely linked with handover.
The most important characteristics
includes:
a) Adaptive frame Alignment: Mobile staggers is transmitted by three
timeslots after a burst from the base station. This means that there is a
nominal delay of three TDM slots between transmit and receive frames at the
base station.
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