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EFFECT OF
DEFOLIATION AND NPK FERTILIZER ON YIELD OF MAIZE (Zea mays L)
ABSTRACT
This
experiment was conducted at experimental field of Faculty of Agriculture,
University of Benin, Benin-City, during 2014 growing season. A 3×4 factorial
experiment in randomized complete block design with 3 replications was used to
study effect of defoliation and NPK fertilizer on yields of maize. Factors were
three defoliation levels, No defoliation (D0), defoliation above ear (D1),
defoliation below ear including the ear leaves (D2) and four fertilizer rates
(0, 300, 400 and 500 kg/ha). Parameters measured were ear diameter, No. of
harvested ear, ear weight, ear length, cob diameter, No. of kernel row/ ear,
No. of kernel row, 100 seed weight, grain yield, % germination ( laboratory and
field ), radical length, shoot length and Ogi yield. The results showed that
defoliation had significant effect on ear diameter, ear weight, number of
kernel per ear, grain yield, seedling dry weight and “Ogi” yield. Defoliation
reduced ear weight (D1 26% and D2 14.68%), grain yield (D1 26.79% and D2 13.32
% ) and Ogi (D1 26.78% and D2 9.93 %). NPK application showed significant
effect on ear length, ear weight, number of kernel, grain yields and “Ogi”
yield. Defoliation effect was more severe on plants defoliated above the ear.
This suggest that top leaves should not be defoliated as above leaves
transferred more of their assimilates to the ear. Fertilizer application failed
to ameliorate the effect of the imposed defoliation.
TABLE OF CONTENT:
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
1.2 Statement of the
Research Problem
1.3 Objectives of the
Study
1.4 Significance of
the Study
1.5 Research Questions
1.6 Research
Hypothesis
1.7 Conceptual and
Operational Definition
1.8 Assumptions
1.9 Limitations of the
Study
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Sources of
Literature
2.2 The Review
2.3 Summary of
Literature Review
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research Method
3.2 Research Design
3.3 Research Sample
3.4 Measuring
Instrument
3.5 Data Collection
3.6 Data Analysis
3.7 Expected Result
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA ANALYSIS AND RESULTS
4.1 Data Analysis
4.2 Results
4.3 Discussion
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Summary
5.2 Recommendations
for Further Study
References
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ATTENTION:
BEFORE YOU READ THE CHAPTER ONE OF THE PROJECT TOPIC BELOW,
PLEASE READ THE INFORMATION BELOW.THANK YOU!
INFORMATION:
YOU CAN GET THE COMPLETE PROJECT OF THE TOPIC BELOW. THE FULL
PROJECT COSTS N5,000 ONLY. THE FULL INFORMATION ON HOW TO PAY AND GET THE
COMPLETE PROJECT IS AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE. OR YOU CAN CALL: 08068231953,
08168759420
THE PROBLEM AND PROSPECTS OF COCOYAM
PRODUCTION
ABSTRACT
It is a common practice in Nigeria
and other West Africa Countries especially in area lying within the rainforest
belt, with thick vegetation cover, the aim of management should be to avoid
excessive and inadequate level of farming system and maintains sufficient for
planting of cocoyam. The study therefore seeks to examine and appraise the problems
and prospects of cocoyam production in our society, a case study of Ovia North
East Local Government Area.
TABLE OF CONTENT
CHAPTER ONE
Background of the study
Statement of the problem
Research questions
Purpose of the study
Significance of the study
Scope of the study
Limitation of the study
Definition of terms
CHAPTER TWO
Historical Literature review
CHAPTER THREE
Research methodology
Research design
Population of the study
Research instrument
Data collection
Statistical techniques
CHAPTER FOUR
Data presentation and interpretation
of result
CHAPTER FIVE
Summary, conclusion and
recommendation
REFERENCES
QUESTIONNAIRE
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1
BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY
Cocoyam (colocasia spp and xanthosoma
spp) is grown in the tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world
particularly in Africa for human nutrition, animal feed, and cash income for
both farmers and traders (Onwueme and Chales, 1994). Cocoyam is vegetative
propagated using the corms and to a lesser extent the cormels. As food for
human consumption, the nutritional value parts of cocoyam is primarily caloric
(Davis et al, 1992). The underground cormels provides easily digested starch;
and the leaves are nutritious spinach like vegetable, which give a lot of
minerals, vitamins and thiamine (Tambong et al, 1997).
There are two major types commonly
grown in Nigeria namely; colocasia spp and xanthosma spp. In Nigeria, it is
regarded as a major crop especially in X2 female headed household. Nigeria is
one of the largest producers of cocoyam in the world contributing about 40% of
total annual production okinpshectares of land out of the total arable land of
27,900.00 hectares under cocoyam production.
Cocoyam grows in association with
other food and tree crops a system mostly practiced by subsistence farmers in
Nigeria. The bulk of the production of cocoyam is in South East, Nigeria
(Enyinnia, 2001). Cocoyam is regarded as
a major food crop in Nigeria especially in female headed households. Nwabuzor
(2001) noted that cocoyam can be consumed in various forms when boiled, fried,
pounded or roasted. It can also be processed into chips (“achicha”) which has a
long shelf and provides food all year round especially during lean planting
season (Asadu, 2006). Cocoyam leaves are also used as vegetable for preparing
soup in various part of the world. There is a decline in the yields of cocoyam
on the past few years. As population pressure on land continues to increases, the
importance of cocoyam in ensuring household food security is given adequate
recognition even through the present yield are still below expectation. This
could be attributed to a lot of factors such as climate variation, drought,
poor cultural practices among cocoyam growers, pest and diseases infestation
(Ezenwu, 2010).
Despite the usefulness of cocoyam
corms and leaves in human nutrition, its production and processing in Nigeria
is faced with a lot of challenges. Some of these challenges are the alarming
rate of land degradation and lack of improved varieties for commercial cocoyam
and leaf production. Decreasing rainfall and poor soil have also been
identified as some of the challenges processing of cocoyam in Nigeria (Osagoe,
2006). Therefore, this study was carried out with the broad objective of
ascertaining strategies for improving cocoyam production and processing among
women farmers in Edo State, Nigeria.
1.2
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
In any human endeavour, there are
bound to be some obstacle or hindrance in any of achieving exception to this
general rule. Hence this research is designed to find out the problem and
prospects of cocoyam production in Ovia North East Local Government Area of Edo
State.
1.3
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
The main aim of the study is to
examine and appraise the problem and prospects of cocoyam production in our
society, a case study of Ovia North East Local Government Area.
To know the number of farmer producing cocoyam in the local government
area.
To know the type of production system.
Identifying problem of cocoyam production
1.4
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
It is a common practice in Nigeria
and other West Africa countries especially in area lying within the rainforest
belt with thick vegetation cover, the aim of management should be avoid
excessive and inadequate level of farming system and maintains enough stock raw
materials in period of short supply and anticipate price changes.
1.5
RESEARCH QUESTIONS
This study is centred on planning of cocoyam
in our local government council (Ovia North East) with more emphasis on cocoyam
production. Survey is a broad discipline that cannot be treated in full in this
study. The researcher while trying to obtain information from respondents
encountered certain drawback which hindered on farming system.
This investigation had a very limited
for the study and they only limited time for the study and they only limited
the work.
1.6
SCOPE OF THE STUDY
This study is centered on planting of
cocoyam in our local government council (Ovia North East) with more emphasis on
cocoyam production. Survey is a broad discipline that cannot be treated in full
in this study. The researcher while trying to obtain information from
respondents encountered certain drawback which hindered on farming system.
1.8
DEFINITION OF TERMS
Cocoyam: Cocoyam are herbaceous
perennial plants belonging to the family araceae and are grown primarily of
their edible roots, although all parts of the plant are edible. Cocoyam that are
cultivated as food crops belong to either the genus colocasia or the genus
xanthosoma and are generally comprised of a large spherical corm (swollen
underground storage stem), from which a few large leaves emerge.
Problem: A problem is a road block in
a situation, something that sets up a conflict and forces you to find a
resolution.
Prospect: A prospect is the
possibility that something fabulous will happen. After you graduate top of your
class at Harvard, for example, your job prospects look great.
Production: The process of making or
growing something for scale or use.
HOW
TO GET THE FULL PROJECT WORK
PLEASE,
print the following instructions and information if you will like to order/buy
our complete written material(s).
HOW
TO RECEIVE PROJECT MATERIAL(S)
After
paying the appropriate amount (#5,000) into our bank Account below, send the
following information to
08068231953
or 08168759420
(1)
Your project topics
(2)
Email Address
(3)
Payment Name (If you made a transfer)
(4)
Teller Number (If you made a direct deposit)
We
will send your material(s) after we receive bank alert
BANK
ACCOUNTS
Account
Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account
Number: 0046579864
Bank:
GTBank.
OR
Account
Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account
Number: 2023350498
Bank:
UBA.
FOR
MORE INFORMATION, CALL:
08068231953
or 08168759420
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