CONSUMPTION PATTERN OF ANTIOXIDANT RICH FOODS BY MIDDLE AGED ADULTS IN ENUGU NORTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA ENUGU STATE, NIGERIA.
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CONSUMPTION PATTERN OF ANTIOXIDANT
RICH FOODS BY MIDDLE AGED ADULTS IN ENUGU NORTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA ENUGU
STATE, NIGERIA.
ABSTRACT
This
epidemiological study was to elicit information on the consumption pattern of
antioxidant
rich foods
among middle-aged adults in Enugu North local government area, Enugu State,
Nigeria.
Four hundred adult men and women aged 40-60 years were used for the study.
Multiple-
staged stratified random sampling technique was used for selection of the
subjects
used for the
study. The respondents were randomly selected from 10 streets in the 5 urban
zones
making up
the Enugu North local government area. Structured questionnaire with personal
interview
was the instrument used for data collection. Information were collected on the
demographic
characteristics, chronic diseases that affected the respondents, general
knowledge
of food
nutrients, concepts of antioxidant, free radicals, sources and their health
implications and
on
consumption pattern of antioxidant rich foods. Also, data on the length of
consumption
pattern of
antioxidant rich foods and those factors that could hinder adequate consumption
of
antioxidant
rich foods were elicited. The statistical package for socials sciences SPSS
version 12
was used for
the data analysis. Percentages, frequency, mean and standard deviation were
employed for
the data analysis. Analysis of data revealed that 74% of the respondents were
females and
26% were males, 78.8% were married, 85% had higher education and 80% were
civil servants.
Revealed
also was that 75% of the respondents were affected by varied chronic
diseases.
Altogether, 790 chronic illnesses were discovered as some respondents had more
than
one disease
at a time. Females (76.7%) were with chronic illnesses while males had 23.3%.
Subjects
40-50 years with chronic illnesses were 69.2%, while those 51-60 were 30.8%.
The
chronic
diseases and their distribution were grouped into ten and they included 17.0%
diabetes,
28.6%
arthritis, 32.7% eye related problems, 30.0% heart, 19.8% brain and 19.9%
cancer related
problems.
Uncovered also were, 9.1% fibroid, 17.5% prostatitis, 21.3% peptic
ulcer/gastritis and
2.9% adult
asthma/hiccoughs. Most of the respondents (85%) knew little or nothing about
the
nutrient
contents of the various foods they consumed. The result also showed that the
respondent’s
concepts of antioxidants, free radicals, sources and health implications were
below
the mean
value. The subjects were found to have consumed inadequate amounts of
antioxidant
rich foods.
Majority
groups (79.1%, 56.9%, 76.1%, 59.9%, 81.4% and 72.5%) of the
respondents
had negative consumption practice to intakes of the antioxidant rich fruits,
vegetables,
grain/legumes, food additives, beverages, and snacks, respectively, for over 20
years.
On the other
hand, minority groups (21.9%, 43.1%, 23.9%, 40.1%, 18.6%, and 27.5%) had
positive
practice to consumption of the antioxidant rich food groups, respectively, with
exception of
the antioxidant rich animal products that had a high percentage of 80.5%
consumption
practice. Ten factors including ignorance, scarcity, cultural background,
upbringing,
foreign, fear of system intolerance, poor knowledge of preparation, poor colour
acceptance,
religious beliefs and time for preparation of such foods appeared to contribute
to
inadequate
consumption of the essential nutrients. It is therefore concluded that many
factors
including
poverty, lack of knowledge or ignorance of the immense nutritional importance
of
antioxidant
foods were responsible for their inadequate consumption. Probably as a result
of
these, a
high percentage of the respondents were affected by different chronic diseases
TABLE OF CONTENT:
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
1.2 Statement of the
Research Problem
1.3 Objectives of the
Study
1.4 Significance of
the Study
1.5 Research Questions
1.6 Research
Hypothesis
1.7 Conceptual and
Operational Definition
1.8 Assumptions
1.9 Limitations of the
Study
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Sources of
Literature
2.2 The Review
2.3 Summary of
Literature Review
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research Method
3.2 Research Design
3.3 Research Sample
3.4 Measuring
Instrument
3.5 Data Collection
3.6 Data Analysis
3.7 Expected Result
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA ANALYSIS AND RESULTS
4.1 Data Analysis
4.2 Results
4.3 Discussion
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Summary
5.2 Recommendations
for Further Study
References
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