COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY IN RICE PRODUCTION UNDER SMALL-SCALE FARMER MANAGED IRRIGATION SYSTEM
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COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF TECHNICAL
EFFICIENCY IN RICE PRODUCTION UNDER SMALL-SCALE FARMER MANAGED IRRIGATION
SYSTEM
Abstract
This
research was designed to determine and compare the technical efficiency and
input levels used in rice production under farmer managed irrigation systems
(FMIS) and rain fed systems (RFS) in Kogi State. It also compared the effects
of socioeconomic characteristics on the technical efficiency of farmers in the
FMIS and RFS. Four null hypotheses were tested. The study was conducted in
commercial rice producing areas of Kogi State. It adopted a multi stage
purposive sampling technique. Agricultural Zones where rice is produced in
commercial quantities were purposively stratified into three (3) based on a
preliminary survey. From these three zones, one local government area (LGA)
each was selected based on the availability of commercial rice farms in the
area. Out of these LGAs (Ibaji, Bassa and Kogi LGAs), forty (40) rice farmers
each were randomly sampled giving a total sample size of one hundred and twenty
(120) rice farmers. Primary data were obtained
by
interviews via a set of structured questionnaires. Data were analyzed using
descriptive
statistics,
Levene’s test, Welch and Brown-Forsythe robust tests for equality of means,
Chow-break
point test and maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) of stochastic frontier and
inefficiency
models.
The mean age
of farmers in the study area was 42 years. The farmers in the study area spent
a mean of 8 years on formal education. Seventy two percent (72%) of the farmers
were males while twenty eight percent (28%) were females. Women were not
participating remarkably well especially in ownership of rice farms in the
study area. The mean value of rice farming experience in the study area was
16years. Results showed that the FMIS had a higher intensity of inputs usage
than the RFS. In the input comparison between FMIS and RFS, statistically
significant positive mean differentials were recorded for land, fertilizer
quantities applied, family and hired labour, quantities of pesticides used on
the farm and value of water used on the farm per farming season. The estimated
elasticities of mean output with respect to land, fertilizer, family labour,
seeds, and water were statistically significant at less than 1 percent and 5
percent in the FMIS. Their respective elasticities were 0.33, 0.010, 0.075,
0.151 and 0.165. It was indicated that land size (farm size) and quantities of
fertilizer applied by the farmers, were the statistically significant
determinants of technical efficiency in the RFS. The elasticities of rice
output with respect to the inputs, land and chemical fertilizer utilized were
0.276 and 0.024 respectively.
This result
is unlike the FMIS where five variables had statistically significant elasticities.
The mean
technical efficiency of the FMIS was 73 percent. It was lower than that of the
rainfed system which had 90 percent. Significant difference existed in the
technical efficiencies of the two groups. The returns to scale estimated,
0.813, and 0.476 for both FMIS and RFS respectively indicated that farms in the
study area were characterized by decreasing returns scale. Farming experience,
years of formal education and frequency of extension contacts exerted
statistically significant effects on the technical efficiencies of the FMIS.
Meanwhile four out of the six socio-economic variables, education, extension
contact and age of farmers had statistically significant t-ratios or influences
on the levels of rice output recorded by the RFS farmers. They were all
significant at less than 1 percent alpha level. Significant differences existed
in most of the socioeconomic variables of the two group of rice farmers studied
in Kogi State. Five major recommendations were made which included the need for
capacity building among farmers and extension agents, public investment in
irrigation projects, public-private partnership aimed at encouraging resource
conservation and inputs supply (including microcredit) to rice growing
communities among others.
TABLE OF CONTENT:
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
1.2 Statement of the
Research Problem
1.3 Objectives of the
Study
1.4 Significance of
the Study
1.5 Research Questions
1.6 Research
Hypothesis
1.7 Conceptual and
Operational Definition
1.8 Assumptions
1.9 Limitations of the
Study
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Sources of
Literature
2.2 The Review
2.3 Summary of
Literature Review
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research Method
3.2 Research Design
3.3 Research Sample
3.4 Measuring
Instrument
3.5 Data Collection
3.6 Data Analysis
3.7 Expected Result
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA ANALYSIS AND RESULTS
4.1 Data Analysis
4.2 Results
4.3 Discussion
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Summary
5.2 Recommendations
for Further Study
References
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