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THE IMPACT
OF INTERGOVERNMENTAL RELATION ON LOCAL GOVERNMENT ADMINISTRATION IN NIGERIA
ABSTRACT
The essay
work examines the impact of intergovernmental relations on local government
administration in Nigeria. The essay argues that Local Government is not
mutually exclusive of other levels of government and that as such there is
bound to be an interaction between the local and other levels of government.
The study reveals that intergovernmental relations among the levels of
government were in disarray due to the conflicts over issues of tax
jurisdiction, revenue allocation, intergovernmental relations, fund transfers,
overconcentration of power at the centre, illegal removal of government
officials, among other factors. The essay posits that for cordial relationship
between the local and other levels of government to take place, the
constitutional status of local government must be clearly spelt out, the issue
of joint state -local government account should be reversed, election rather
than appointment should be the means of choosing leaders at the local level,
judiciary should be made to be independent and the undue interference on the
local government by the state or federal government has be properly addressed.
Also, there should be direct disbursement of federation allocation to all the
levels of government.
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
This study
examine the background study intergovernmental relation, statement of the
problem, objective of the study, significant and scope of the study and finally
the definition of key terms.
The concept
of intergovernmental relations is associated with states having a Federal
Administration System where the relationships between the Federal Central on
National Governmental and major sub-national unit (Province, regions or state)
formally spent out in constitution. Intergovernmental relations have been seen
as a system of transactions among structured levels of government in a state.
It is also seen as registration in which the parties are negotiating
advantageous positions for power, money and problems. Solving responsibility
(Colugbemi: 1980).
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
The goal of
intergovernmental relations are said to promote peace and harmony among the
three teas of government which can the Federal State and Local Government. To
accelerate the achievement of self reliant economy. In so doing
intergovernmental relations will help to minimize inter-jurisdictional
conflicts among the various level of government. Also to boost greater natural
economic integration through the activities of three levels of government.
Again to enhance the emergence of co-operative rather than competitive
federation there is also need to enhance effective and efficient utilization of
available human and material resources among the three levels of government. To
help solve the problem of rural and urban poverty. To achieve a situation where
there is special need for integrating programmes on a nationwide scale. To look
into the situation where states, Local Government unit of the Federal set up
have responsibilities with on resources base to perform them (John Nwafor:
Unpublished work).
The
achievement of the objectives of intergovernmental relations is dependent on
some social factors within the Nigerian social system. Some social factors
include the political setting and the state of two economies in the nation.
Looking at the political setting, the intergovernmental relations is basically
based on the three tiers of government that is the Federal, State and Local
Government. But come to look at that, the Federal and State Government is said
to have more autonomy than the Local Government due to the fact that they are
the last tier of government (John Nwafor: Unpublished Work). The other tier of
government still tell them that what to do, how to make their own policies, how
to elect/appoint those to rule them like the chancellor or chairman and so on.
Local Government is still dependent on the other tier of government making them
too subordinate and loyal for my liking (Nwoked, Palph 2002).
To this,
there should be greater independent of the state and the Local Government in
the Federal Government for their survival and performance of fundamental
responsibilities. There should be several reforms which should let to the
recognition of the Local Government as the third tier of government with
relative autonomy and jurisdictional powers as provided for the constitution.
Another
problem is the state of the nation’s economy. The nation’s economy really
influenced the nature and scope of intergovernmental relations in the Local
Government in Nigeria. The wealth of any nation is a key factor in determining
its pattern of material relation. Between 1960 and 1970, the basis o fiscal
relation between the Federal, State, and Local Government were richer and more
power full than the Local Government. But this problem will come to an end if
the Local Government has greater control of the tax revenue. The Local
Government should control 50% of the tax revenue allocation of its area without
the Federal or State Government Interference. They should also receive grant
and aids from outside and within the country, making them powerful and
independent of their own. Their Federation Allocation Accountant should be
granted to them annually or monthly as the case may be. They should be allowed
to run their affairs especially when it comes to monetary matters (F Okoll and
Anah O. 2002).
In so doing
channel, of communication should be at its high level between the Federal,
State and Local Government in order to produce an effectiveness due to the fact
that an intergovernmental relation is relationship between the three theirs of
government.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
To
appreciate the depth of courses in the Federal System in Nigeria, one has to
follow the recent trend of the raging controversy between the Federal and State
Government over the exercise of power or control of revenue resources of Local
Government and how not to have assumed the undue prominence given to it as a
constitutional question if Nigerian leaders, particularly the Federal level and
adhered strictly to the norms of federalism and followed the precedents
established by the past democratic government in Nigerian Federation.
In Nigeria,
the issue of sharing resources among the three levels of government has
remained controversial due to lack of acceptable formular. It generates tension
and bat blond among the three tiers of government. This has resulted in setting
up of different committees or commissions to prescribe t prescribe the formular
to be used. Also there exists a conflict between the Federal State and Local
Government area acceptable form was for sharing revenue. For instance, the
conflict is usually whether the principal of derivation, need, natural interest
of landmass should be used as a basis for the purpose. Even when these
principles may be generally accepted as the main basis for working out revenue
allocation formular. Conflict might arise following as to which of the
principles takes precedence over other as the main outrival for sharing the
revenue.
This is the
problem of tax jurisdictional which refers to the problem of which aspect of
government should collect what revenue over a particular area. These have been
serious problems between the Federal, State and Local Government. They are the
lowest level of government likewise they collect the least amount of tax
revenue, which makes them still stagnant.
Another
problem is the existence of control of one level of government by another in
any aspect (Abonyi 2005). Local Government is dominated by the Federal and
State Government. They do not have their own autonomy making them too dependent
on the other levels of government. Mention must be made of the problem of
finding the best method of channeling to another especially from the Federal to
the Local Government. (Ugwu, 1998:90)
1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The main
objective of the study in impact of intergovernmental Relations on Local Government
Administration in Nigeria, with particular reference to Kaduna North Local
Government Area of Kaduna State.
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