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SOURCING
DECISION AND ITS IMPACTS ON MATERIAL AVAILABILITY
CHAPTER ONE
Background
of the Study
Supplier
selection is a procurement planning activity which allows managers to search
for and find credible sources of supply that can ensure the availability of
materials, equipments, fools, components, protects, consumables, and services
at the right price, quantity, at the right tine and place.
In order to ensure contritely of supply
purchasing officers must spend tine and effort in investigating and evaluating
prospective sources or suppliers and continuously appraising the performance of
current suppliers in order to aund the problem of overstocking, under stocking,
or complete non availability of material in the organization.
In order to
ensure accuracy in supply, uninterrupted flow of materials in and out of the
organization, purchasing manager have to decide the kind of product or service
that best fit needs, decide whether to but what they require or of produce
(make or buy decision) whether to buy locally, nationally, or internationally,
whether to use singly or multiple source of supply, whether to enter into
partnership or reciprocity agreement, whether to engage in negotiation or
bidding whether to buy from distributors or directly from the manufacturers.
All these issues attract diligent and efficient decision that will aid the
organization to attain its full potential.
Statement of the Problem
Sourcing
decision is very important because it properly conducted can move the
organization to a greater height. Right sources of supply in most cases ensure
steady availability of the right quality and quantity of materials in the
organization. However, it the right source of supply is not contracted due to
corruption personal interest or negligence, it may result in delay in supply of
materials. This delay may result in pnice buying which may likely lead to
purchase of low quality materials or making such purchases at an exorbitant
price. This delay might also result to absohilte stock out of materials in the
organization. Thus could result to break down of production activities in the
organization other problems such as production of poor quality output, idle
time labourers and machines, fall in sales turnover, diminished profit and name
it. Will be experience in the organization for the organization to be able to
address these problems, they have to decide the criteria for supplier
selection, and the sourcing policy I decision to employ that will ensure steady
availability of materials in the organization, that can improve their chances
in the soft drink industry or probably make them leaders.
1.8 Objective of the Study
This
research work is aimed at determining sourcing decision and its effects on
material availability in 7up bottling company plc Kaduna plant. The study is
specifically designed to study ways of ensuring continuous availability of the
right quality and quantity of materials in the organization at the right time
and place in order to avoid shortage in supply and even complete stock out of
materials in the organization.
The
following are the objective of the research work:-
i. Identify the criteria in use
by the organization for supplier selection
ii. Examine the method employed by
the organization
iii. Examine the method employed by
the organization in evaluating suppliers.
iv. Examine the challenges the
organization usually face when sourcing for materials.
1.9 Significance of the Study
The
importance of this research will rest on the benefit that will be derived by
venous section of the society including the organization under study and the
researcher. This research work will increase the researcher’s knowledge of the
topic. The researcher hope that 7up bottling company Plc Kaunda plant will be
provided with meaningful and useful source of supply. Those who wish to
research on this qeld will also benefit from this research work, as it will
serve as a road map for them to write their own. Research work. Most
importantly, it is a pre-requisite for the award of Higher National Diploma in
purchasing and supply.
1.10 Scope of the Study
This
research work will focus on the effect of sourcing decision on material
availability in 7up bottling company plc situated at Kakuri industrial area
Kaduna plant .The study will focus on production and store department of the organization
.The researchers scope will be limited to sourcing and supplier selection
process, criteria for supplier selection ,sourcing decision, methods of
supplier selection performance evaluation and management of supplier
relationship .This research work was conducted using deceptive and case study
design because it is the most situation for a research work for this nature and
because questionnaire was use as an instrument for data collection. The
population of this research work is 100 staffs of store and production
departments of the organization. And 60 questionnaires was administered out of which 30 was given to senior staff of
the department and remaining 30 to the senior staff out of which 45
questionnaires was return and valid for the research work. The researcher made
use of documentary data, close-ended structured four point scale questionnaire
and interview method for data collection. Random sampling technique was
employed to conduct this research work. The technique was chosen because everybody
in the population has equal chance of been selected. The research analyze data
collected from respondents to the research question and interview using simple
mean cut off point.
1.6 Research Question
The research
questions that were adopted for this research work are:
i) What are the criteria in use
for selection of suppliers in 7up bottling company plc?
ii) What is the sourcing policy in
use by the organization?
iii) What method is employed by the
organization in evaluating suppliers?
iv) What are the challenges faced by
the organization when sourcing for materials?
v) When strategies the
organization adjourned to be the most effective in managing supplier
relationship.
1.7 Definition of Terms
- Sourcing: Is a process through which
buyers seeks, survey and evaluate suppliers, and determine policies relating to
those who will most suitably meet the requirements of the organization.
- Core Competence: Is the collective
learning in the organization, especially how to coordinate diverse production
skills and integrate multiple streams of technologies.
- Insourcing: Is the process by which an
organization takes responsibility for providing services and conducting its
operations in-house and in other location but by its own staff.
- Outsourcing: Is a process by which an
organization contracts our services and operation that are usually done n-house
to another firms that can be done them better, cheaper or faster.
- Negotiation: Is the art and science of
arriving at a common understanding through bargaining on the essentials of
contract, such as price, quality quantity, delivery time, terms and conditions
of service etc.
- Bidding: Is a purchasing procedure by
which potential suppliers are invited without collusion to present to an
organization, a firm, a clear offer of price, terms and conditions which upon
acceptance shall be the basis of the subsequent contract for the supply of the
intended goods and services or the execution of projects.
- Quality: Kotler and Armstrong (2004)
define quality as the ability of a product or service to perform its functions,
which includes overall durability, reliability, precision, ease of maintenance
and repair and other customer valued attributes.
- Quality: Kotler and Armstrong (2004)
define quality as the ability of a product or service to perform its functions,
which includes overall durability, reliability, precision, ease of maintenance
and repair and other customer valued attributes.
- Quantity: This entails having the right
amount of materials, tools components, parts required for replenishment of the
store and production purposes.
- Performance: This relates to product’s
operating/features and how well the product is able to the task it was
originally designed to and how it is able to satisfy intended needs.
- Material: Is anything that can be
offered to the market for attention, acquisition, use or for consumption
purposes which might be capable of satisfying needs.
- Leasing: Leasing is a contract by which
one party (lessor) gives another party (lessee) the use and possession of an
asset or property for a specific period of time and for fixed payments.
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