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EFFECT OF SEASONS ON THE
MARKETING OF FOOD CROPS
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the study
The triple whammy
problems of rapid increase in population, climate change and pressure on
resources are major constraints to adequate agricultural production. Among the three,
climate change is the most pressing challenges that the world faces today.
Climate change is a defining phenomenon of the century. Given current
atmospheric concentrations of Greenhouse Gases (GHGs), the world is already
committed to significant warming. This is a serious challenge, given the wide
range of expected climate impacts on natural systems, as well as on human
societies, as assessed in the most recent report of the Intergovernmental Panel
on Climate Change [1]. Climate change threatens to undermine the progress that
has been achieved to date, especially in the agricultural sector [2].
It remains unclear;
however, what the character of the new climates will be when they become fully
established. While certain areas could become drier, others could be wetter.
Also major shifts of climatic belts could occur. How, when and where these
could happen remain largely unresolved [1]. The Stern Review, for example
concluded that (i) the costs of climate change – induced extreme weather events
could reach 0.5 – 1% of GDP by the middle of the century; (ii) a 2 to 3 degree
Celsius rise in temperature could reduce global output by 3%; and (iii) if that
rise should become 5 degrees, up to 10% of global output could be lost. The
Review also concluded that it would need 1% of GDP to stabilize emissions at
manageable levels.
In Nigeria, the
climate change phenomenon manifests in many respects apart from the rising sea
level and inundation of coastal lands by sea water. These include increased
frequencies of extreme climatic events like strong storms, floods and above
average daily minimum and maximum temperature [3]. There have also been marked
intraand inter annual rainfall variability [4]. As shown by Ojo et al. [5], the
durations and intensities of rainfall have increased in the last three decades,
producing large runoffs, floods and water logging in many places. Also
temperature has continued to be above normal with relatively higher figures in
1973, 1987 and 1998. Most stations have had temperature increases of 0.2 to
0.3°C per decade in Nigeria.
The actual and
potential impacts of climate change in Nigeria are considerable and have far
reaching effects. All sectors of our socioeconomic development, including
agriculture are vulnerable to climate change. It presents significant threats
to the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals especially those related
to eliminating poverty and hunger and promoting environmental sustainability.
Productive
agriculture is essential to feed a growing population and sustain modern
civilization. Climate affects agriculture, a fact well known to every farmer.
Year-to-year variations in harvest are largely due to variations in temperature
and precipitation that can make the difference between bountiful “bumper” crops
and economic ruin. The persistent sahelian drought of 1969 – 73 [6] and later
the spell of 1979 – 83 [7] are outstanding examples.
1.1 Statement of the problem
There
may have been previous researches in this subject. This work gives further
explanations and analysis in effect of seasons on the marketing of food crops
1.2 Objectives of the study
1.To
understand the effect of seasons on the marketing of food crops
2. To
understand the relationship between seasons and the marketing of food crops
1.3 Research questions
1. What
is the impact of seasons on the marketing of food crops
2
What is the relationship between
seasons and the marketing of food crops
1.5 Research hypothesis
H0:
There is no relationship between seasons and the marketing of food crops H1:
There is a relationship between relationship between seasons and the marketing
of food crops
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