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IMMUNIZATION
EXERCISE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND
Since the
beginning of time, human beings have been concerned about health and disease.
Health is valued and cherished by everyone necessary for survival and continued
existence of humans and other things. Good health is a necessary condition for
happiness, growth, personal development and social advancement. Without good
health one look sad and unhappy even with all the good things and pleasure of
life.
According to
Blackman (2009), immunization, also called vaccination or inoculation is a
method of stimulating resistance in the human body to specific diseases using
microorganisms—bacteria or viruses—that have been modified or killed. These
treated microorganisms do not cause the disease, but rather trigger the body’s immune
system to build a defense mechanism that continuously guards against the
disease. If a person immunized against a particular disease later comes into
contact with the disease-causing agent, the immune system is immediately able
to respond defensively.
Immunization
has dramatically reduced the incidence of a number of deadly diseases. For
example, a worldwide vaccination program resulted in the global eradication of
smallpox in 1980, and in most developed countries immunization has essentially
eliminated diphtheria, poliomyelitis, and neonatal tetanus. The number of cases
of Haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis in the United States has dropped 95
percent among infants and children since 1988, when the vaccine for that
disease was first introduced. In the United States, more than 90 percent of
children receive all the recommended vaccinations by their second birthday.
About 85 percent of Canadian children are immunized by age two.
1.1 THEORETICAL BACKGROUND
In the
ancient past, health was regarded as a condition of the body that enables one
to cope with his/her environment and drive reasonable satisfaction from ones
daily activities, physically, emotionally, mental and social, etc. but the
(WHO) says, Health is the state of physical, mental and social well-begin and
not merely the absence of disease or infirmity which means that one may be
physically fit without disease or infirmity but is socially and emotional
unhealthy.
The
fundamental determinants of health are our genetic inheritance or biological
make up, nutrition, social and physical environment, personal lifestyle and
utilization of health care services. Since health is our most precious
belonging and a blessing that money cannot buy: Llewellyn – Jones, D. (1980) a
nutritional guide for life, New York. Therefore any deviation in health from
the physical, mental, social status is a disease.
Disease is
regarded as an abnormal condition, disturbance, malfunctioning, any pathologic
condition of the body and mind and is manifested in the form of functional or
organic disorder, mental ailment, injection or degenerative impairment of the
body. The threat and challenge of disease have been of concern to human beings
throughout history. Immunization is one
effective way of combating diseases in the body.
Immunization
management has been faced with several problems, there is no effective way of
capturing and recording immunization information. The manual process is time
consuming also. This makes the presentation of reports to be very difficult. Much
paperwork is utilized and this makes it even more tedious to gather and assess
immunization records. It is in view of these challenges that this study is
carried out.
1.3 AIM
/OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The aim of
the study is to develop immunization exercise management system. The following
are the objectives of the study;
To develop a
workable immunization exercise management system
To identify
the characteristics of diseases suitable for control by vaccine and
immunization
To examine
the Medical Management of immunization Reactions in Children and Teens
SIGNIFICANCE
OF THE STUDY
Generally,
significance of computer cannot be over emphasized. A lot of questions pert,
aiming to computation of result has been answered by the working principle of
the research. Nurses in the research will help the nurses in proper management
of data and information speed, accuracy and reduction of stack of files is
feasible in addition to these reference making it very feasible based on
captions headings and arrangement. It is not time consuming and too expensive.
The study
was limited to Essien Udim Local Government Area.
And the
result was limited to the extend of the responses and co-operation of the
numbers of the statistic office.
This project
is grouped in to five chapters, chapter one gives a general introduction
(overview) of the research. Some basic concepts in this chapter give the
general knowledge and understanding of the topic. Chapter two reviews related
literature on the subject, it gives general overviews of Diseases types and
effect of diseases on child development. The immunization is reviewed to
discover the level of children that benefited in order to discovered those are
that affected by these diseases. Chapter three the system design, it emphasizes
on design and flowcharting it directs on development of new information system
that will help Health worker and care givers to achieve objectives and improve
it performance in immunization records. Chapter four is the system
implementation which give the direction of system flow, and analysis of modules
giving specification of different options. Chapter five summarizes, concludes
the achievements and recommend
DEFINITION
OF TERMS /CONCEPTS
IMMUNIZATION:
Is a process of administering special medicine in to a person’s body.
It is meant
to make the person’s body resistance to disease stronger so that he or she will
not become sick or die from the disease.
VACCINATOR:
Is a person who vaccinates the children?
Management:
The act of handling or controlling something successfully
Disease
control: Is defined as a reduction of disease incidence, prevalence, morbidity,
or mortality to a locally acceptable level achieved through deliberate efforts.
Ongoing disease surveillance and program intervention efforts are usually
required to document and maintain that level of control.
Disease
elimination: Is a more specific degree of disease control defined as the
reduction zero of incidence or occurrence of a specific disease within a
defined geographic area as a result of deliberate programmatic efforts. As with disease control, maintaining disease
elimination in a defined geographic area requires ongoing public health
efforts.
Disease
eradication: Has been defined as the reduction to zero of the world wide
incidence or occurrence of a specific disease as a result of deliberate
programmatic efforts. To date, only two infectious diseases, smallpox and
rinderpest have been eradicated successfully, both through strategic use of
vaccines.
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