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EFFECT OF
STRIKE ON THE QUALITY OF EDUCATION
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1BACKGROUND
OF THE STUDY
Strike
defined by the Webster’s dictionary as an organization refusal to work by
employees of an organization e.t.c because of a disagreement e.g pay or
condition. Strike can be defined as temporary stoppage of work in the pursuance
of grievance of demand. According to
law 184, strike can be defined as they lessation of work by a body of person
employed and acting in combination or collected refusal or a refusal under a
common understanding of any number of person employed to continue to work for
an employer in consequence of a dispute, done as a means of completing their
employer or any person or body or person employed, or to any person or anybody of employed to accept terms of
employment of and physical condition of work
“The key
elements in the definition are
- Lessation of work “which simply means
deliberately working at less than usual speed or with les than usual
efficiency. And.
- Refusal to continue to work’ includes a
refusal to work of usual efficiency
FUNTUWA
(1979) defined education as the aggregate of all the processes by which a child
or adult develops their ability, attitudes and other forms of behaviors which
are of positive value to the society.
Spencer
(1963) asserts that education has for his object the formation of character.
Dewey 91993) started that optimally education meant the intelligently directed
development of possibilities where not in ordinary experience and which assist
the individual in the direction of subsequent experience.
From the
above concept education institution is aggregate of culture and society by
means of which the process of transmitting
relevant ideal, knowledge value and skill and training of individuals
through various agencies of education especially the schools.
Overtime
strike actions has been used a veritable tools of labour or management
negotiation tactics, it has been used and some will say over used to low
recalcitrant employer both in private and public sector.
Strike has
an effect on workers in the public sector with special emphasis on LASU as an
Educational Institution, parts of the effect to be considered include pay or
condition, job insecurity les of motivation, paralysis of workers initiatives
global academic standard e.t.c.
The down
turn and subsequent depression, inflatory treads and the degradation of the
Nigerian economy in the past decade, has made the socio educational
consequences of the emergency of various strike action by unions like the
Senior Staff Association of Nigeria (SSANU) the non Academic Staff Union
(NASU), the Academic Staff Union University
(ASUU). These unions are responsible for a continuous association of
wages earns for the purpose of maintaining or improving the conditions of the
working lives. The actions of the union in the educational institution in
Nigeria are much powerful than the political parties because they have
legitimate power to call out worker on strike.
The power in
this collective of workers can promote the resolution of a variety of problems
by the workforce.
The higher
education in Nigeria is composed of universities, polytechnics, institutions of
technology, colleges of education that from part of are affiliated to universities
and polytechnics, colleges and professional specialized institutions of
technology, colleges and professional specialized institutions. They can be
further categorized as state or federal government Universities are owned and
funded by the federal government, while state Universities owned and financed
by the state government. First generation Universities are the six Universities
established in the 1970’s while third generation.
Universities
refer to the eleven institutions including the universities of Technology
established in the 1980’s and 1990’s.
Lagos State
University was established in 1983. it fall between the second generation
universities, Nigeria universities experienced a wave of strike as Lecturers
ands student from one University after another demonstrate for different
reasons.
The decay in
Nigeria Institutions of Higher Learning is caused, in part, by the fact that
lecturers and professors in Nigerian Universities go on strike for six to nine
months. However, there are shortage of tools and facilities in Nigeria
universities but constant strike by workers make academic decay in Nigeria
institution worse, not better.
The problems
we have highest are not unique to Nigeria alone, even in the united state, the
professors are doing more less, indeed, this is the experience of many African
Universities expert perhaps South Africa, but in is unusual to her that
professor in this country go on strike every year.
1.2STATEMENT
OF THE PROBLEM
The
devastating effect of strike action and
its attendant problems in the
educational sector of a country makes this phenomenon a matter of enormous
concern in Nigeria especially.
The
consequence of strike action on educational institution are enormous and of the
highest magnitude all over the world. It
is a known fact that all over the world that strike action and protest is the
oldest and extensive vice that plague an industry in a country.
Strike is as
old as any industrial sector and it is a
major problem facing civilization.
Strike is a
serious problem among educational in Nigeria universities, among academic and
non-academic staff, they have chosen to embark on strike action, rather than
engage more on academic for the development of their student and for
development of their students and for
the growth of the country. These problems have promoted research to analyze the
causative factors as well as critical
looking at strike as it effects to the educational institution society as a
whole.
The
frequent ASUU strike is always caused by
the government, due to their frequent
interference on educational and substantive rule agreed upon
collectively with the union. These anti-intellectual, anti- universities and
anti-student’s polices of Obasanjo’s military regime precipitated the process
of destruction of the universities since the 1970’s. The above background
information provides an explanation for the crisis in the universities as well
as the attitude and policies of Obasanjo regime towards the university over the
past four years.
Also the
illegal termination of lecturers’ appointment also contributed to the
occurrences of strike actions. Example, termination of lecturers appointment of
UniLiorin lecturer in (2001) under the Obasanjo civilian regime is not accident
neither is his self-imposed yoke of fighting ASUU. But the consequences is the
destruction of the Nigeria educational system.
Secondly,
poor remuneration of the workers in educational institution in Nigeria
happens to be the major problem that
causes strike almost all the time, the last three days strike that occurred in
LASU, in the month or March 2005 is due to owing of salaries. In essence
remuneration refers to salary or wages
and all the allowance and financial benefits payable to an employees either in
cash or kind in return for his services.
The long
ASUU strike that took place at ABU on the 14th October 2003 is due to poor
remuration. After all this situation could have been completely avoided if only
reason prevailed and dialogue was employed to resolve to issues in dispute. The
major point that causes this ASUU strike was
- Payment of the four month salaries (February-May 2003) with held during the
suspended natural strike of ASUU (which lasted from 29thDecember 2002 to 18th
June 2003).
- Correct implementation of the UASSW as
contained in the NUE. Circular of 23rd January 2003, and payments of various
arrears if allowance occurred over the period of 2½ years (Since May, 2001).
- Rectification of the truncated steps or
annual increment in the salaries of lecturers on UASS 1-4 and payment of
arrears.
The steady
decline in the Nigerian Universities system and the inevitable corruption in
which the system itself is now enveloped Examination Leakages, Course not rackets. Sex for grades amongst other
characteristics of the system that no longer prepare students for good
citizenship.
Cultism has
merely as the violent aspect of a system which no longer serves its basic
function. Under finding Universities by
the federal and state governments, intervention of public affairs that are not
conversant with campus life has been
recognized as part of the causes of frequency strike in which universities
found themselves.
Universities
have been forced to admit more students than can cope with and have frequent
been compelled to admit students they would other wise reject
1.3OBJECTIVE
OF THE STUDY
The purpose
of the research is to:
- Asses the extent and the various
causative factors, which lead to the prevalence of strike on universities
campus.
- To critically analyze the social and
psychological factors that influence strike actions.
- Identify when strike is necessary and
when it is not necessary.
- To determine the effect of strike on
academic activities in Nigeria Universities.
1.4RESEARCH
QUESTIONS
Some
fundamental questions that are posed in the course of study are as follows.
- What are the effects of strike action on
workers
- Does an increased occurrence of strike action have any
significant influence on academic standards?
- What factors lead to strike action on
LASU campus?
- Are there any major crises associated
with strike action
- What are the socio-economic effects of
strike action on the employee?
- What are the efficient ways for managing
strike action?
1.5RESEARCH
HYPOTHESIS
A. -
Ho1: Government interference in
Universities brings about incessant strike actions.
B. -
Ho2: Strike action persists in Nigeria Universities because workers are
not well remunerated.
C. -
Ho3: Inadequate infrastructure in the Universities system is a cause of
strike action by the work force.
1.6SIGNIFICANCE
OF THE STUDY
The research
study helps to educate and give overview of the problem of strike action. It
will enlighten the general public, the Universities (OJO CAMPUS) community,
academic staff, student and government on strike action as a phenomenon. The
study will also provide useful information for policy planners, mangers,
employers, workers as well as general public.
The finding
of the study will also be useful to scholar and students.
1.7SCOPE AND
LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
The major
concern of this study is to determine and to know why workers are involved in
strike action, its merit and demerits, its role in the service and how it
achieves it aims, it definitions, causes and the extern of strike actions on
our society, this is necessary because it leads us to the conditions under
strike can take place which specific reference to Lagos State Universities (ONO
CAMPUS).
1.8DEFINITIONS
OF TERMS
ANTAGONISTIC:
- A person who show or feels opposition
BARRICADED:
A barrier made from the nearest available object and placed across something as
a defense or an obstacle.
PRICE HIKE:
An increased in the cost of something.
EDUCATIONAL
INSTITUTION: Place where relevant ideals, knowledge, value and skill and
training of individuals.
RECALCITRANT:
Resisting authority or discipline.
STANDARD: A
special level of quality
SOLIDARITY:
Unity, agreement and support result from shared interest, feeling, actions and
sympathizers e.t.c.
SYSTEM: - A
group of things or parts working together as a whole
STRIKE:
Refusal to work by an employee at a particular period of time.
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