AN ASSESSMENT OF SCHOOL ENVIRONMENT AND FACILITIES ON STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN WESTAFRICA SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL EXAMINATION (WASSCE)
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AN
ASSESSMENT OF SCHOOL ENVIRONMENT AND FACILITIES ON STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC
PERFORMANCE IN WESTAFRICA SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL EXAMINATION (WASSCE)
ABSTRACT
This study
is aimed at assessing and determining the effect of school environment and
facilities on the academic performance of students in secondary schools West
African Secondary School Certificate Examination. Survey method was used to
survey the entire study area, Simple random sampling technique was used to
select25 respondents each from each of the four selected schools to ensure that
every students of the selected schools have an equal chance of been selected or
choosing for the research study, a total of one hundred was used for the
research. The study investigated the effect of four independent variables
(Gender, Age, Marital status, Job designation and religion) and four dependent
variables which are students' attitude, academic performance, academic
achievement, Effective use of facilities. The descriptive statistics of
frequency counts was used for the analysis of personal data while standard
deviation was used to analyze the data collected from the respondents. From the
findings of this study, it was discovered that teachers should be acquainted
with the need to improvise teaching and learning aids. It was also discovered
that effective utilization of facilities will improve student's
educationalperformances. It was found out that attitude. of school environment
have significant relationship with their academic achievement. It is
recommended that the result of the study would be helpful to policy makers on
education and educationists in formulating policy that would help school
administrators to create conducive and enabling environments that are capable
of developing, promoting and enhancing positive and effective teaching and
learning for students in secondary schools. School facilities should be
strategically placed for student's utilization since they significantly
influence their academic achievement. Teachers should be motivated by putting
adequate facilities that would make their job easier. Based on this, it is
concluded that if adequate facilities and conducive school environment were put
in place it would help the teaching method and student learning, also improve
students’ academic performance in West African Secondary School Certificate
Examination.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1
Background to the Study
There is no
gainsaying the fact that education is very vital to the pace of social,
political and economic development of any nation. This is why most nations of
the world strive to devote a sizeable proportion of their Gross National Income
to develop the educational sector. In Nigeria, between 7.6% and 9.9% of our
annual expenditure is devoted to education (Durosaro, 2003). The proportion
earmarked in the approved national budget is meant to finance capital and
recurrent expenditure of schools. The physical structures which is capital intensive
takes the larger part of the cost and since the physical environment of a
school adds a lot of value to the school (Obong, 2007).
Egim (2003)
observed in her study that the physical environment contributes either
negatively or positively to the administrator’s role performance in the school.
The school physical environment includes the buildings, classrooms, furniture,
equipment, instructional materials, laboratories, libraries, play grounds, and
so on. Others are walls, machinery, decorative objects, play fields, skating
rinks, swimming pools, audio-visual equipment (Mckay, 1964 in Egim, 2003). Egim
(2003) maintained that in a bid to expand the educational enterprise,
educational planners are more interested in issues such as the number of
schools, teachers, students’ infrastructural facilities like classrooms and
school buildings. Little attention is paid to the quality of the environment
(Obong. 2010).
The physical outlook of the school
environment is very important in contributing to healthy academic exercise. It
forms the fulcrum on which other activities revolve. This is because it creates
an atmosphere of the mind for study. The challenge of developing and managing a
school environment taking into consideration some parameters is a great one;
one of such is the school location. Where a school is located can determine to
a large extent the stability of the student’s mind for academic readiness.
A school
located along air-traffic route, roadside (especially without a fence), in
neighbourhood of industrial activities, markets, and so on will constitute a
nuisance and interference with the students’ learning process. It will generate
noise enough to badly affect the study adventure. As indicated by the National
Teachers’ Institute (NTI, 2008; Mckay, 1964 in Egim, 2003) school supervision
and sanitation. These are capable of affecting the quality of learning
environment. This refers to all the strategies adopted by a school system in
managing the wastes (noise, water, and other effluents), drainage pattern, and
the facilities provided in the school. Equally crucial is the greening of the
school environment. Sanitation Connection (2001/2002) maintains that a school
management that provides sanitation and planting of flowers, trees and maintaining
lawns, well cleared grasses, etc. improves quality of life and study
environment. Aesthetics of a school environment is another aspect of managing a
school environment. Regular painting and maintaining the quality of buildings,
channeling of sewage, well planned landscape and trimming of flowers, clearing
of grasses, proper disposal of refuse, sweeping and removing cub webs among
others provides a relaxed atmosphere for
the molding of minds. All these issues above constitute school
environmental management strategies that could make a school a place to live
and not to leave.
In spite of
this all-important top burner matter, very little have been done in managing
school environments for fruitful academic venture. It becomes necessary to
conduct a study on the strategies employed in managing school environment in
Nigerian secondary schools.
1.2
Statement of the Problem
There has
been a lot of controversy over the question of academic performance of Nigeria
secondary school students. The poor performance of students especially in
Senior Secondary Certificate Examination has clearly lent credence to this
study. The question of academic performance and students’ performance in Senior
Secondary Certificate Examination is therefore a recurring issue, usually
discussed both in and outside the academic circles. Based on the foregoing,
this study examines the concept of academic performance as it relates to
students background, learning resources and academic performance. In most
secondary schools that a high percentage of students are performing very poorly
in WAEC and NECO due to ill motivated behaviour of the students towards the
education, lack of professional teachers, lazy teachers, lack of teaching and
learning facilities and equipment. It is a known fact that each level of
education as well as the subject being taught has their aims and objectives, if
the aims and objectives of education especially that of teaching and learning
in senior secondary schools is to be achieved, the school environment and learning
facilities must be improved.
1.3 Purpose
of the Study
The purpose
of this study is to assess the impact of school environment and facilities have
on students’ academic performance in West African Senior School Certificate
Examination (WASSCE) in selected senior secondary schools in Surulere, Lagos
State. Specifically, this study will;
1. Examine available learning facilities in
Senior Secondary Schools
2. Find out the influence of available
facilities on students academic performance in WASSCE
3. Assess impact of School physical
environment on students’ academic performance in senior secondary school
4. Identify if school facilities effectively
used aid teaching and learning in secondary schools
1.4 Research
Questions
The following questions were answered in
this study:
i. Will available school facilities
significantly improve secondary school students’ attitude towards learning?
ii. Will school facilities influence
the performance of students in West African Senior School Certificate
Examination?
iii. Will school environment facilities
significantly influence academic achievement in secondary schools?
iv. Are school facilities effectively
used to aid teaching and learning in secondary schools?
1.5 Research Hypotheses
The following hypotheses are tested in this
study:
i.H0:
Available school facilities will not significantly influence
secondary school students’ attitude
towards learning.
ii.H0:
School facilities will not significantly influence the performance
of students in West African Senior School
Certificate
Examination (WASSCE).
iii.H0:
School environment facilities will not significantly influence
academic achievement in secondary schools.
iv.H0:
School facilities are not effectively used aid teaching and
learning in
Secondary Schools.
1.6 Significance
of the Study
This study
is aimed at assessing and determining the effect of school environment and
facilities on the academic performance of students in secondary schools. The
findings of this study would be useful to teachers in acquainting them with the
need to improvise teaching and learning aids. The result of the study would
also help educationists and policy makers on education in formulating policy
that would help school administrators to create conducive and enabling
environments that are capable of developing, promoting and enhancing positive
and effective teaching and learning for students in secondary schools.
1.7 Scope of
Study
Since no
single research can validly cover all areas of the topic, the
researcher
aims to focus this research on the relationship between school facilities,
school environment and performance in West African Senior School Certificate
Examination. The study focus primarily on secondary Schools in Surulere Local
Government Area of Lagos State.
1.8 Operational Definition of Terms
Academic
Performance:- Knowledge attained or skills developed in school by test scores.
Secondary
school :-( Also ‘high school’) is a term used to describe an educational
Institution where the final stage of schooling known as secondary education and
usually compulsory up to a specific age takes place. It follows primary
education and may be followed by University (tertiary education).
Environment:
Can be seen as the physical and social characteristics of the child’s home,
neighbourhood and wider world.
School
environment: These are objects and patterns of relationship that outside and
within the school system that significantly influence or are influenced by
teaching and learning situation such as teaching and learning material,
classroom size, social group e.t.c present within and outside the school also the locality of the
school.
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