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TEACHER
STRESS AND FRUSTRATION AND THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF JSS STUDENTS
ABSTRACT
This
research work examined teachers’ stress and frustrations and the academic
performance of students. It identified the various forms of stress and
frustrations among teachers, the causes of stress and frustration among teachers, its consequences on students
overall performance and measures taken to reduce stress and frustration among
teacher in Nigeria. A sample of 120 respondents comprising 44males and 76
females were randomly selected from four secondary schools in Kosofe Local
Government Area. The instrument employed was a questionnaire. Chi-Square tool
of statistical analysis was used to test the five formulated null hypothesis.
It was discovered that the problems of Economic. Personal, Socio and
Psychological Problems as well as teacher’s individual differences and family
problems contributed to teachers stress and frustration which eventually
affected student’s academic performance vis-à-vis teacher’s productivity.
Recommendations were made amongst which are that teachers should be given
minimal workload and they should be
enlightened on the need to take care of themselves .
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the Study
Stress is a
word that is gotten from the Latin word called “stringere”, which means
hardship or draw tight.
The
dictionary defines stress as pressure, tension, worry strain resulting from
problems in one’s life. Stress has to do
with the social, physiological and psychological make up of man. It is a major factor of weakness of both
physical and emotional disorders.
Frustration
can prevent one from achieving his goal.
It can be seen as disappointment or defeat.
The word
stress is different from frustration Stress occurs as a result of a demanding
situation (Selyes, 1956). Frustration on
the other hand is an intervention situation with an on going activity (Welman,
1975).
Stress is a
common occurrence among teachers both in private and government sectors. The behavioural manifestation of stress are
lack of adequate concentration and thinking, minor physical ailment like
headache, sleepless night and stomach upset.
Norfolk (1977) pointed out that people under stress become irritable and
over react to things.
Educators
stress is defined by Kyriacou (1987) as the experience by a teacher of
unpleasant emotions, such as tension, frustration, anxiety, anger, and
depression, resulting from aspects of work as a teacher.
Teaching can
be a stressful occupation. The
interactions with students and co-workers and the incessant and fragmented
demands of teaching often lead to overwhelming pressures and challenges which
may lead to stress. Where work stress is unrelenting, some negative
physiological, psychological and behaviour consequences may result (De Robbio
and Iwanicki 1996).
Many
teachers would agree that teaching is not only hard work, it can be full of
stress. Pressure due to school reform efforts, inadequate administrative
support, poor working conditions, lack of participation in school decision
making, the burden of paperwork, and lack of resources have all been identified
as factors that can cause stress among school staff.
In the
multicultural region, contact between cultures could be a cause of workplace
stress, for teachers who are more familiar with cultures, acculturative stress
can cause lowered mental health (e.g confusion, anxiety, depression) and
feelings of alienation; Those who feel marginalized can become highly stressed.
Teachers from very different cultures might neither understand nor appreciate
the cultural differences of the communities in which they are placed. Since novice teachers are often reluctant to
ask for help, they may be afraid to let anyone know that they are having
problems in the classroom. This could
then lead to additional stress.
Frustration
is the blocking of one’s goal. Frustration
could be caused by the condition of work and the environment of work. Okoye (1981) pointed out that frustration
occurs when there is an interference with an on going action.
All these
and many more causes stress in the activities of teachers both in the classroom
settings and outside the classroom.
It is
believed that a stressed up teacher cannot carry out his activities effectively
and efficiently, that is effectiveness and efficiency which are good qualities
expected of the teachers will be lost, and when both are absent in teaching,
the teacher can not impart the real information to the students, hence, the
academic performance of the students might be low or poor. Therefore, in order to avoid poor academic
performances in the of students, the numerous causes of stress in teachers
should be looked into and checked for quality teachers begets quality
students. It is hoped that the result of
this study will provide remedy concerning how teachers’ stress and frustration
could be checked in relation to the academic performances of students.
1.2 Purpose of the Study
The purpose
of this study is to examine teacher’s stress and frustration and its attendant
effect on the academic performance of students.
Specifically, this study aims at the following:
i. Identifies the various forms of
stress and frustration among teachers
ii. Determines the factors contributing
to the causes of stress and frustrations among teachers
iii. Establishes the consequences of
stress and frustration among teachers on the overall performance of students
iv. Compares the academic performance of
students where teachers have lesson within an atmosphere of no stress and
frustration and students where high level of stress and frustration is
observed.
v. Highlight the measures to be taken
in order to help reduce stress and frustrations among teachers in Nigeria
Junior Secondary Schools.
1.3 Significance of the Study
Teachers are
very important components in the life of any school organisation, pupils,
students and the all round development of our society and the country at
large. Stress and frustration on the
other hand are destructive instrument in the life of the teacher. It is therefore, necessary to carry out the
impact of stress, on students academic performance and proffer solutions to the
problem. The study will also help in
minimizing stress and thereby maximizing teaching job satisfaction, thus
leading to high level of academic performance on the part of the students.
1.4 Statement of the Problems
The problem
under investigation is teachers stress and frustration and the academic
performance of students using five selected secondary schools in Kosofe Local
Government area as case study. It is
designed to have an insight into school managerial problems with the result of
improving teachers’ productivity and students academic performance.
1.5 Research Questions
The
following questions are to be tested
i. What factors are responsible for
teacher’s stress and frustration?
ii. To what extent do family problems
contribute to teacher’s stress and frustration?
iii. To what level does teacher’s
individual difference affect the individual response to symptoms of stress and
frustration?
iv. Does teacher’s stress and frustration
have significant influence on teacher’s productivity?
v. What effect does teacher’s stress
and frustration have on students’ academic performance?
1.6 Research Hypotheses
The
following hypotheses will be tested
1. Teacher’s stress and frustrations are not
hinged on economical factors, personal factors, socio-psychological factor, etc
2. There is no significant difference between
family problems and teacher’s stress and frustration
3. Teacher’s individual difference has no
significant effect on teacher’s stress and frustration
4. Teacher’s stress and frustration have no
significant influence on teacher’s productivity
5. Teacher’s stress and frustration have no
significant effect on student’s academic performance.
1.7 Limitation of the Study
The
researcher’s intention was to carry out adequate research work so as to proffer
a solution that might be long lasting on teacher’s stress and frustration on
the academic performance but this was not achievable due to some constrains
faced. Such constraints are:
i. Negative attitude of the teacher
ii. Inadequate time
iii. Financial constraint
iv. Difficulties in gaining first hand
information from schools
1.8 Scope of the Study
It is only
limited to five selected secondary schools in Kosofe Local Government area of
Lagos State. The schools are:
i. Alapere Secondary School
ii. Orishigun Secondary School
iii. Ikosi Secondary School
iv. Apostolic Grammar School
v. Ayedere Secondary School
1.9 Definition of Terms
Ø Stress:
means the difficulties encountered by teachers in carrying out their
work successfully
Ø Frustration:
Is the inability of teachers to adjust positively to a demanding
situation in their teaching profession
Ø Teacher:
Is the person trained and certified to impart skills, knowledge, values
and norms to students
Ø Academic:
Academic in relationship to education is an educational study, an
educational institution and/or the educational system.
Ø Performance:
Performance is defined as the students’ accomplishment of something, the
act of carrying out or accomplishing something.
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