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EXAMINATION
OF THE EFFECT OF STUDY HABITS ON ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Education is
an instrument that not only fills the missing links and gaps created due to a fast-paced
life, but also creates general awareness about changing scenario. Education is
the axis around which revolves the fullness of human being and education forms
an effective means to improve the status of character of living patterns of the
pupil, helps in intellectual, social and emotional development and enables them
to meet their basic needs. Thus education is an indispensable instrument for stability
and progress of individual as well as society. In education, effective learning
not only depends upon good teaching but also on satisfactory learning procedure
i.e. good study habits.
Over the
years, the issue of poor academic performance of students in Nigeria has been
of much concern to all stakeholders involved. The problem is so much that it
has led to the widely acclaimed fallen standard of education in Nigeria at
large. Employers of labour no longer believe in the capacity of various educational
institutions to provide graduates who are worth their salt or termed
“employable”. Various issues have been pointed out as causative factors for
this and one germane factor out of all is the issue of study habit.
According to
Aristotle, habit is what we repeatedly do. Habits generate other habits.
Inspiration is what gets us started, motivation is what keeps us on track, and
habit is what makes us automatic. Anything we practice long enough becomes
ingrained into our system and becomes a habit. Students are basically having
their own individual differences. It all depends upon their ability and
capacity. We do observe that some students have the habit of studying daily
lessons regularly. Academic performance is defined as excellence in all
academic discipline rather than fatalistically accepting it and competing
against some standard of excellence (Chamundeswari 2014).
Study habits
are defined as those techniques, such as summarizing, note taking, outlining or
locating material which learners employ to assist themselves in the efficient
learning of the material at hand. The term “Study Habit” implies a sort of more
or less permanent method of studying. According to Good’s dictionary of
education, “Study habit is the tendency of pupil to study when the opportunities
are given, the pupil’s way of studying whether systematic or unsystematic,
efficient or inefficient.”Study-habits are the essence of a dynamic
personality. A proper study habits enables an individual to reap a good harvest
in future.
Study habit
is a process from which an individual gets proper input to feed his hunger and
to quench his thrust for knowledge. The study habits thus are of great
assistance to actualize the potentialities of the individual (suresh 2013).
Study habits
and skills are particularly important for undergraduate students, whose needs
include time management, note taking, Internet skill, the elimination of
distractions, and assigning a high priority to study. Fielden (2004) states
that good study habits help the student in critical reflection in skills
outcomes such as selecting, analyzing, critiquing, and synthesizing. Nneji
(2002) states that study habits are learning tendencies that enable students
work privately. Azikiwe (1998) describes study habits as the way and manner a
student plans his or her private reading outside lecture hours in order to
master a particular subject or topic. Study habits help students master their
areas of specialization.
Bakare
(1977) in his study habit inventory pointed out eight key sources of poor
academic achievement. Study habit problems associated with student’s response
to home work and assignments; reading and note taking and study period
procedure; student’s concentration; towards examination and teachers’
consultation. The inability to utilize effectively and positively these sources
of study problems may stand in the way of effective study and good performance
among the students.
The
relationship between study habit and students’ academic performance has for
long has received attention from scholars and educational agencies. Nuthane
& Yenage (2009) has examined the causes of poor academic performance among
university undergraduates. Some of these factors identified are intellectual
ability, poor study habits, achievement motivation, lack of vocational goals,
self concept, low socio- economic status of the family, poor family structure
and so on.
The concept
of study habit comprises the concept of study attitude, study method and study
skill. Attitude towards study has great contribution in academic achievement
and good study pattern. Successful students adopt positive attitude towards
study and do not waste time or energy. However, there are still myriads of
cases of failure recorded, and then the question is what are the successful students
doing differently from those who fail? Owing to this, there is the need to
study the effect of study habits on academic performance.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
A great deal of research provides evidence
that study habits and study attitudes are both significant variables, which
determine the academic performance of students. Yet, in spite of the perceived
importance of study habits and study attitudes to academic achievement, it
seems that education institution still pay little attention to understanding
these factors (Baquiran, 2011).Classroom observations show that under the same
conditions, namely same professor, same subject, same teaching system, same
administration, same enrollment criteria, same time of the day for an specific
course and same education level, some students perform well while others do
not. The question arises as to what are the aspects that influence this
difference in performance, and what is the best way to arrange the study
process of multicultural groups of college students, so that all learn and
perform accordingly with schools’ expectations. Conditions, namely same
lecturers, same course, same teaching system, same administration, same
enrollment criteria, same time of the day for an specific course and same
education level, some students perform well while others do not. The question
arises as to what are the aspects that influence this difference in
performance, and what is the best way to arrange the study process of
university undergraduates, so that all learn and perform accordingly with
schools’ expectations.
Hence, it is
considered important to know what habits university undergraduates have and, in
case of low-performing students, which of those habits need to be changed in
order to improve performance. The importance of improving habits lays in their
relationship with attitudes, which are deemed important for achieving high
academic performance.
1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The main
objective of this study is to examine the effect of study habits on the
academic performance. However, this study certifies the following objectives;
1. Investigate the relationship between study
habit and student’s academic performance.
2. To
assess the study habits of University undergraduates;
3. Compare the academic performance of
undergraduates who have developed a study habit and those who do not have study
habit;
4. Assess factors influencing students study
habit;
1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
1. Is there any relationship between study
habit and academic performance of university undergraduates?
2. How does the study habit of male and
female university undergraduates affect their performance?
1.5 RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS
H01- There
is no significant relationship between study habit and academic performance of
university undergraduates.
H02-There is
no significant difference between the study habit of male and female university
undergraduates andtheir academic performance.
1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This study
will be useful to many people who may want to know the factors that could make
or mar student’s academic performance.
It attempts
to combine study skills with study habit and how they both affect academic
performance of students. Study skills such as note taking skills, reading
skills, writing skills etc. are all significant when we talk of academic
performance as a student who is deficient in any of these would not have
perform well academically.
It will
provide valuable information about the effects of poor study habit on the
academic performance of students. The study will attempt to give various
effects of poor study habits on academic performance such as academic failure
etc.
Education
institutions as well as students and society may benefit from the results of
this investigation. Institutions may benefit with data that may allow them to
evaluate their current admission policies and counseling programs, teachers may
find this research useful to design more suitable classroom practices and
students may have a clearer idea of the challenges they may face based on their
current study habits and hence prepare better to perform well during the whole
study period, and finally, society may benefit by receiving young professionals
that are better prepared for the day-to-day challenges on global working
environments.
It will
serve as resource materials for others who want to carry out research in
related field
1.7 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The scope of
this study focus on all Olabisi Onabanjo University Undergraduates, which
comprise all the students from all the faculties.
1.8 DEFINITION OF TERMS
Study
habits: These are mainly external factors that facilitate the study process
such as sound study routines that include how often a student engage in
studying sessions, review the material, self-evaluate, rehears explaining the
material, and studying in a conducive environment.
Academic
performance: This refers to the performance that falls within specified
standard. The specified standard is usually called pass mark and the pass mark
is score above average which students are considered having passed and below
which students are considered having failed.
Undergraduates:
These are students at a university who have not yet received a degree.
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