THE ROLE OF NON-GOVERNMENTAL AGENCIES IN POVERTY ALLEVIATION AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF COMMUNITY (A CASE STUDY OF UFUMA PRIME MOVERS ASSOCIATION IN ORUMBA NORTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, ANAMBRA STATE)
THE
ROLE OF NON-GOVERNMENTAL AGENCIES IN POVERTY ALLEVIATION AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF
COMMUNITY (A CASE STUDY OF UFUMA PRIME MOVERS ASSOCIATION IN ORUMBA NORTH
LOCAL
GOVERNMENT AREA,
ANAMBRA
STATE)
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ABSTRACT
THE STUDY
FOCUSES ON THE ROLE OF NON-GOVERNMENTAL AGENCIES IN POVERTY ALLEVIATION AND THE
DEVELOPMENT OF COMMUNITIES USING UFUMA PRIME MOVERS ASSOCIATION IN ORUMBA NORTH
LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA AS A CASE STUDY. THE GENERAL PURPOSE OF THE WORK WAS TO
HIGHLIGHT THE ROLE OF NON-GOVERNMENTAL AGENCIES IN POVERTY ALLEVIATION AND
DEVELOPMENT OF COMMUNITY WHICH THE SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE IS TO EXAMINE THE
STRUCTURE OF UFUMA PRIME MOVER IN ORUMBA NORTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA ANAMBRA
STATE. TO IDENTIFY THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF UFUMA PRIME MOVERS IN ORUMA NORTH IN
ITS COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT EFFORT. THE DATA USED FOR THIS RESEARCH IS DERIVED
FROM THE ADMINISTRATION OF QUESTIONNAIRE, INTERVIEW AND ALSO THROUGH INTERNET,
LIBRARY RESEARCH ON THE TEXTBOOKS, PERCENTAGE ANALYSIS AND THE HYPOTHESIS
FORMULATED WERE TESTED USING THE PERCENTAGE TEST. THE SCOPE OF THIS STUDY IS
THE IMPACT OF NON GOVERNMENTAL AGENCIES IN COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION
TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF COMMUNITIES, AREA OF THE STUDY WHICH COVERS A PARTICULAR
GEOGRAPHIC AREA WHICH IS ORUMBA NORTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT WHICH IS USED AS THE
CASE STUDY. POPULATION OF THE STUDY WHICH IS COMPOSED OF FIVE HUNDRED AND SIXTY
TWO (562) WORKERS, SAMPLE OF THE STUDY WHICH THE RESEARCHER USED RANDOM
SAMPLING TECHNIQUES WHICH STATED THAT OUT OF 562 WORKERS IN ORUMBA NORTH LOCAL
GOVERNMENT, 233 WAS SELECTED. THE MAJOR
CONSTRAINT ENCOUNTERED BY UFUMA PRIME MOVER IN ORUMBA NORTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT
AREA IN ITS COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT EFFORTS WERE LACK OF FINANCE AND MATERIALS
FOR CARRYING OUT DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS. FROM OUR FINDING, IT WAS RECOMMENDED
THAT GOVERNMENT AND NON-GOVERNMENTAL AGENCIES SHOULD MAKE CONSCIOUS EFFORT
TOWARDS SUPPORTING COMMUNITY MEMBERS IN SELF HELP COMMUNITY PROJECT.
TABLE OF CONTENT
Title
page i
Approval
page ii
Dedication
iii
Acknowledgement
iv
Abstract
v
Table
of contents vi
CHAPTER ONE
1.0
Introduction 1
1.1
Background of the study 1
1.2
Statement of the problem 6
1.3 Purpose
of the study 7
1.4 Significance
of the study 8
1.5
Research question 9
1.6 Scope
of the study 10
1.7 Limitation of the study 11
1.8 Definition of terms 11
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE
REVIEW
2.0 Introduction 14
2.1 The concept of Non-Governmental Agencies 14
2.2
The concept of Community Development 16
2.3 Registration
of Non-Governmental Agencies 18
2.4 Types
of Non-Governmental Agencies 21
2.5 Objectives
of Community Development 23
2.6 Basic
Function on Non-Governmental Agencies 25
2.7 Non-Governmental
Agencies as a means to
Improve
Community Development 26
2.8 Summary of Literature Review 28
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 Research Design and Methodology 29
3.1 Design
of the study 29
3.2 Area of
the study 30
3.3
Population of the study 30
3.4
Sample of the study 31
3.5
Instrument for data collection 32
3.6 Reliability
and Validity of the instrument 33
3.7
Distribution and Retrieval of the
instrument 33
3.8 Method
of data analysis 34
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0
Presentation and Analysis of Data 35
4.1
Data presentation 35
4.2 Data Analysis 35
4.3 Discussion/Analysis of findings 48
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 Summary of findings, conclusion and Recommendation 49
5.1
Summary of findings 49
5.2
Conclusion 51
5.3
Recommendations 52
References 54
Appendix(es)
56-57
LIST OF TABLE
Table
1: Position Distribution of Respondent 36
Table
2: Characteristics of the Respondents 37
Table
3: Number of married and yet married 38
Table 4: Educational
Qualification of Respondents 38
Table
5: Do the people of the community
initiate programme and project for the development
of
the community. 39
Table
6: Does the people of the community
involved
in
the development of their communities 40
Table
7: Does the people of the community
involved
in
taking decision for the maintenance of
their community 41
Table 8: Is there any positive relationship between
Orumba
North Local Government and
Non-governmental
Agencies. 42
Table
9: Do you think that the agency of
Orumba
North
Local Government has helped well in Community unemployment problem 43
Table 10: Do you think that Non-governmental
Agencies have a lot of in pact in
community
development 44
Table
11: Does the people of the community
provide
the
amenities used in their community 45
Table 12: Do
you think that some people have diverted
these
basic amenities for their own personal use?
46
Table
13: Do you think that the
amenities produced
Have achieved the development of
rural
community? 47
CHAPTER
ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Non-governmental
agencies in Nigeria have demonstrated appreciable interest towards the
provision of amenities to both the rural and urban population of the country.
The interest shown by these non-governmental agencies could be derived from
their genuine intension of uplifting the liking standard of the people. There
is therefore no gain saying the fact that there have been some noticeable
increases in educational institutions, health centers, road constructions,
water supply and so on as they store to impress the people. Experience has
shown that the provision and maintenance of amenities cannot be handled by
government alone because it will be too onerous for government to satisfy the
need of all communities, bearing in mind the limitation of time and resources.
It is therefore, necessary for the agencies of government to educate the people
to appreciate the fact that the transformation of their country for enhancement
of their standard of living should be a joint responsibility between the
community and the government or its agencies. This is why series of reforms and
restricting have been undertaken.
At
local government level, at in an attempt to make it more responsive to the
yearnings and aspirations of the people it is also aimed to involving an
efficient and functional administrative and resources allocation system that
will make for rapid growth and modernization of rural communities (Non Oil).
The role of Non-Governmental Agency (NGO’s) in community developed has
attracted the attention of some great scholars. Aroh (1997), viewed community
development as a process whereby community came together to perform various
functions in order to given a face left to their immediate environment or
community. Also Non Oil (1981) refers development as a natural fact in which
the individuals and society interest with their physical, biological and inter
human environment transforming them for their own benefit and that of humanity
at large. NGO’s as an organization or loose associations which are composed of
people working together to address a need. Basic element of NGO’s are: -
i.
Non-profit oriented
ii.
A voluntary organization
iii.
An NGO is primary on intermediate organization
that is development oriented.
iv.
Non-government in term of
organization, membership and funding.
In
all, non-governmental agencies role is poverty alleviation and community
development is aimed at making people self reliant, able to participate in
national development. It also ensure that both the rural and urban communities
the provision of the necessary assistance, like funds legal and structural
framework, technical and managerial expertise necessary for the programmers’,
Aroh (2002).
The
study was carried out in Ufuma, which is located at Orumba North Local
Government Area of Anambra State in Nigeria. The local government area occupies
an area of about 220 square kilo with an estimated population of 8,280 people
(NPC 1991).
The
local government comprises of different communities like Ajali which is the
headquarter, oko, Ufuma, Omogho, Awa, Naka, Amaokpala, Ndiowu, Ndikelionwu and
so on. The occupation of the people is farming, treading, civil servants, etc.
The Ufuma prime movers was on the third development union formed in the area in
1984 but before the formation of the Ufuma prime movers there was other union
formed in February 23nd 1982. The cooperative union formed in March 2nd
1983 before the formation of the Ufuma cooperative union in June 28th
1984. This union of the development of the community and also has helped in
increasing the standard of living of the people and extending aims to the less
privileges in the community. There was remarkable to which was done by these
prime movers on March 8th 2000 disk and chairs for the Umonyiba
primary and Nursery school in the area also in 2004 the prime movers donated wholesomely
to the widows in Umuogem community. The Ufuma comprises of nine (9) villages
and its history is something that one cannot forget in a haste, the people of
Ufuma are people with integrity, honest and responsible as I was told the Ufuma
people spread to different villages like Umuagu, Obiagu, Umuogem, Umonyiba,
Umuonyiuka and so on.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Though
the community dwellers in non-governmental agencies has continued to play a
significant role in the community development by producing food and
agricultural raw materials for exploit and local consumptions but yet so many
community still lack the basic amenities of life such as good roads, postal services
an communication e.g. MTN Network, NITEL, GLO etc Anyanwu (1981). The unbalance
in provision of these basic amenities and infrastructural development between
the rural and the urban areas have occasionally an unprecedented rural urban
draft with a depressive effects on the rural urban economy which the facts has
been established in a way whereby the non-governmental agencies is constrained in
its effort to provide citizens with all the required social and basic amenities
for comfortable living Anyanwu (1992). The truth is that non-governmental
agencies have been established by various community members, who came to
government with the activity of the non-governmental agencies have been
documented adequately in literature and it is such view that the study was
conceived to examine the role of the Ufuma prime movers in Ufuma Orumba North
Local Government Area, Anambra State was regarded to the community development.
1.3 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
The
main purpose of this study is to highlight the role of the Ufuma prime movers
in orumba North Local Government which specific aim of these research works is
to designed the following:
a.
To examine the structure of the
development union.
b.
To identify the constraints
encountered by the Ufuma prime movers in their community development effort.
c.
After the completion, the research work
will be an incentive and motivation factors in the behavior of the people
towards community development.
d.
Ascertain the personal characteristic of
each members of the Ufuma prime mover in Orumba North Local Government.
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The
essence of this research work is to propagate the good role of non-governmental
agencies towards community development and how they can contribute to the
crusade against poverty after the completion of this products, so that the
people of the community can see the need for self help project because
non-governmental agencies have play a significant role in community development
and their roles need to be understood very well by policy makers, the
government and NGO, the potentials members that will gradually help in
development.
1.5 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
In
order to achieve the objectives of this research work these proper solution
will be attempt to in the research:-
i.
In what extent are the people of the
community initiate programmes and projects for the development of the community?
ii.
What is the relationship between
non-governmental agencies in community development in Orumba North Local
Government?
iii.
How are the amenities given to the
people of the community being provided and maintain by the people of the
community?
1.6 SCOPE OF THE
STUDY
The scope of this study is the impact of
non-governmental agencies in community development organization to the
development of communities with particular reference to Ufuma prime movers in Orumba
North Local Government Area of Anambra State. Findings here shall be used as a
yardstick to other states in Nigeria.
1.7 LIMITATIONS OF
THE STUDY
In carry out this research work, I encountered so
many obstacles, like the day I was travelling to Anambra State for questioning
of the respondents, it rained heavily and the cost of traveling was very high
as I thought. There were difficulties in getting the respondents, because most
of them have gone to the farm, why some to the village market etc.
1.8 DEFINITION OF TERMS
In order to give easy comprehension of the entire
research, it is required that some terms of importance used be defined, such
terms are as follows: -
a.
GOVERNMENT:
Can be defined as an institution of a state
whereby the interest, welfare and needs of the citizen are been protected.
b.
COMMUNITY:
This referred as a relatively small isolated
center with a stable population in which all economic and social services
necessary to life can be realized.
c.
DEVELOPMENT:
It involves improvement, progressing enhancement
and change in economic, social socio-cultural, infrastructure, political of a
state. Development is multidimensional change in native and attitudes of one’s life.
d.
AGENCY:
A business or an organization that provides a
particular service especially on behalf of other business or organization.
e.
ROLE:
The function or position that something has or is
expected to have in an organization in society or in a relationship.
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