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THE IMPACT
OF PIDGIN ENGLISH ON STUDENTS IN NIGERIA UNIVERSITY
ABSTRACT
This project is an attempt to explore the
recurring grave concerning the academic performance of students. Though a large
percentage of students in Nigeria learn English as a second language and are
instructed in it, the Nigerian pidgin seems to interfere with their acquisition
of the language and their performance in it much more than their mother
tongues. The impact of pidgin contributes in no small measure to the dismal
performance of students in their academic career
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Nigeria
is a multilingual country
with four hundred
indigenouslanguages, out of which
three are regarded
as major ones,
namely:Hausa, Igbo and
Yoruba, representing the three
major geo-political
zones - North, East and South respectively.
Despite this fact, NigerianPidgin is used in diverse degrees in different parts
of the country and ithas become a
lingua franca for
many, while it is
a Creole in
some
Southern and Eastern States like Rivers,
Lagos, Delta, Edo, and CrossRivers.
Marchese and Schnkal (1980)
confirm this after
a majorevolution in the Delta
area of Nigeria, they say; "... in a particular part
of Nigeria, the areas around Warri and Sapele,
Nigerian pidgin is more
of a Creole. Creole is a mixture of an
European language with a local language and is spoken as a first language.
Some view it as a variety of English, while
others see it as a distinct language. A look at the structure of Nigerian
pidgin (NP) portrays that it has structures and patterns of behaviour of its
own. Though at its initial stage, NP was considered the language of those who
could not speak good English, but many know better now. It is therefore, no
wonder that it is not only used by undergraduates in Nigerian universities
during conversation with the uneducated public, but it has become a fascinating
medium of casual exchange among students themselves. Fisherman (1997) asserts
that; "no language considered inferior is aptly logical". This is
because where two or more speech communities come in contact, a lingua franca
or common language of communication emerges. He further points out that it is
the social situation use popularly known as context that affects the
morpho-syntactic pattern of a language. Since pidginisation, according to Hymes
(1971:84), is a "complex process of Sociolinguistics", we shall now
consider the use of Nigerian Pidgin English among students of Usmanu Danfodiyo
University, Sokoto.
1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY
The term pidgin is used to refer to a language
which develops in a situation where speakers of different languages have a need
to communicate but do not share a common language. Once a pidgin has emerged,
it is generally learned as a second language and used for communication among
people who speak different languages.
Language is the most creative and unlimited
instrument for social communication and it helps us to understand the deep
seated social relevance, culture involvement and the human relatedness of
language. Having said this, we can therefore agree that pidgin is a language of
its own and not just a supplementary tongue as some people see it, since it
serves as an unlimited instrument of social communication especially in a
multilingual society like Nigeria.
Linton (1982) states that "the culture of
a society is the way of life of its members, the collection of ideas and habits
which they learn, share and transmit from generation to generation". These
cultures, ideas and habits can only be transmitted from generation to
generation through language. In Linguistics, every language is considered
adequate to represent the communicative needs of its people as such should not
be made to suffer any biases.
This cannot be said of Nigerian Pidgin - even
though it is a language because various attempts have been made by different
factions to eradicate the use of Nigerian Pidgin English. These attempts have
however been unsuccessful because of the significant value the language has to
its users. It is a language that has brought people together in spite of their
differences in ancestral culture and language by creating a local culture for
itself which blends ideas from different cultures.
Moreover,
this use of Pidgin as a lingua Franca affects many Nigerians in academic
careers, especially, those students that come from the environments where it is
spoken.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
It is very pertinent to note that what
actually started as an "emergency language" between the white
merchants, to ease communication with the natives has now become "an
elitist campus language" spoken among the teeming population of the
Nigerian students in higher institutions of learning, thereby overlapping the
standard English to such an extent that the students’ competence is impaired.
1.3 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This Study is important because its results
can go a long way in finding out the causes of students' competence. This work
will in no doubt contribute to one's knowledge, especially in the Department of
English, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto as it will highlight some issues
in relation to written English. It will be a guide for the effective
educational system.
1.4
AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
This research is carried out to examine the
effect of Pidgin English on students’ competence. It is a fact that students
deviate from the norms of codified English in most of their essays and
communications.
The following are the set of objectives to be
achieved
a. To show the impact of Nigerian Pidgin in a
University Community; using 300 level students of MELL
b. To assess the extent of its popularity and
the communicative situation within which it is used.
c. To show who uses Pidgin and for what
purpose?
1.5 JUSTIFICATIONS FOR THE STUDY
Prior to this time, a lot of works and
research have been done on NP as a language of wider communication in Nigeria.
However, its impact on the students is worth investigating. This work will
attempt to reveal the fact that the Nigerian pidgin which was initially used as
a medium of communication by particular group of people and for specific
purpose has gradually come to be used in institutions of higher learning
1.6 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
This research work will attempt to investigate
the impact of Pidgin English on the University community, though it focuses on
the Students of UDU, Sokoto (300level MELL) with a view to providing detailed
information on the impact of NP on the performance of the students.
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