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CAUSES OF
TRUANCY IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS
CHAPTER ONE
1.0
INTRODUCTION
The issue of truancy in Tanzania is a critical
problem now days.Most students they do not complete their course of study
becouse of truancy which lead them to drop out from schooling.most students
especially girls are ending up by geting married and those who are not married
are geting pregnancies.most boys who are truant are employed for liltle wages
and others using drugs and others engage in criminal issues.The study want to realise
all social economic factors contributing to this tendency in order to improve
the education of the children for the super development of the nation at large.
1.1 Background of the Problem
Truancy is a serious problem in Tanzania
education system today which need highly attention in schools administrators,
and teachers in schools in order to prevent high rate of students drop out from
schooling(www.mkombozi.org.mkombozi centre for street children) In school
truancy is a term used to describe any intentional unauthorized absence from
compulsory schooling. Children today lose over hundred days of their time to
stay at school through truancy. The young girls and boys of the schooling age
are not at school in steady working in entertainments areas eg, Clubs,
(www.edu.org/susan Scheff, 2007).
Reducing truancy
and exclusions
levels are an
important part of Government
social inclusion
policy.
Young people who attend
school
regularly are more likely to get the most they can out
of
their time
at school, and therefore more likely to achieve
their potential,
and less
likely to
take part
in
anti-social or
criminal behaviour(www.education.com/social
exclusion unit,
1998).
There is
some evidence showed that poor literacy is, in some cases, a causal factor. An
early survey by the Children's Society showed that the majority of those who
are permanently excluded are boys aged between 13 and 15, most having started
secondary school with a
reading age
behind that of their peers. This is backed up by Ofsted who reported that poor
attendance was within those students who are poor readers (
www.education.com//social exclusion unit 1998).
Recommendations by the (www.edu.com/1998 Social
Exclusion Unit) report include dealing early with children's literacy and
numeracy problems so that they catch up, and providing extra-curricular
activities and experiences to improve motivation among those at risk of
becoming disaffected. Teenage girls who are excluded from school should not be
overlooked either,otherwise they should be helped in order to achieve in their
education.
(
www.edu,com/Joseph Rowntree Foundation report 1998).
Children who
play truant from school very often select the classes they want to miss.
Usually the subjects they skip are ones the student finds difficult or boring,
possibly a clash with the teacher is to blame. One common pattern is for
truants to attend school for morning and afternoon head counts, but somehow sneak
out during most of the day. Missing lessons is bad news for any young person
and truancy is likely to have a negative impact on their overall education and
job prospects/progress. Children who constantly turn up late for lessons are
disruptive to other students and the school's learning environment, and
truanting has a negative effect on school morale. It should also be noted that
children who are truanting could be in
physical
danger or at
risk from being drawn into criminal activity (www.edu.org/ Susan
Scheff
2007).
1.2 Statement of the problem
The studies
shows that the causes of truancy in schools is such as shortage of
teachers,poor teaching methods,economic problems,political situation,personal
matters and school setting (www.edu.org/susanscheff,2007).The number of schools
in Tanzania has increased to high extent in such a way that every ward in a
country is having a secondary school so that students may not move a very long
distance to go to school. The education opportunity is therefore to all
students in a nation.There is several programs for the goverment to train
teachers who will teach in these secondary schools in order to reduce the
shortage of teachers and facilitate the provision of education in a nation.
Some more factors might be responsible for this problem of truancy in our
schools. The scope of this study is to find out those factors which might
associate to truancy in secondary schools in arumeru district in arusha region.
1.3 Purpose and the objectives of the study.
The purpose of this study is: To investigate
social, economic factors that contributing to truancy in secondary schools.
1.3.1
Specific objectives.
(1) The study was finding out the
contribution of community to truancy in secondary schools.
(2) The study was finding out the contribution of school setting to
truancy.
1.3.1.1 Research questions
TASK ONE.
Ø To
examine whether paying school fees
contribute to truancy in Tanzania?.
Ø To
examin if the infrustructure are the
factor for the truancy?
TASK TWO
Ø To
find out if the school setting
influance truancy?.
Ø To
find out if the social relation of
teachers and students influance
truancy?.
Ø To find out if the mid-day meal influance truancy?.
Ø
To find out if the distance from
home to school have relation with truancy?.
Ø To
find out if the teaching methods which are used in teaching are contributing to
truancy?.
Ø To
find out if the monthly salary received by teachers is influancing the
behaviour of truancy?.
Ø To
examine how school morale is related to
truancy?.
1.4 Significance of the study.
It is the
researcher’s hope that this study will help all educational stakeholders like
the Ministry of Education, parents and teachers to understand and rectify the
existing problem of truancy in secondary school students. The study will help
in management of schools in order to facilitate the provision of education in
Tanzania and out of Tanzania.This study will be able to show both teachers and
students the causes of truancy and they will be able to handle the
situation.The parliament will be able to create laws which will guide the
students at school and fail to practise truancy. example those students who are
not attending school becouse they are employed or married.as it is observed
that the number of schools has already increased and the morale on the part of
students is decreased due to truancy, and due to truancy most of students are
engaging in the criminal activities .This study might come up with the causes
then the suggestions will be given in order to improve this problematic
phenomena in secondary schools.
1.5 Theoretical and Conceptual Framework
Theory:”Truancy has
a negative effect
on learning enviroment and school
morale”(www.edu.org/susan scheff,2007).The
students who are always truanting are usuallyperfoming poorly in
class,disruptive and the situation lead them in to drop up from schooling.
Education is very important for the better development.Education received
through regular attending to school is a big/fundamental instrument for the
development and help to seek individual competence in the future
career/professional progress/perfomance.
REASON:The
researcher want to find the couses of the truancy and be able to suggest
thepossible way/strategies to be used in order to abolish and help to get
positive class room
climate and
rise good school morale.The theory is linking to my study especially now days
in Tanzania schools many students are perfoming poorly and other drop from
schooling.
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