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THE ROLE OF
INTERNATIONAL AGENCIES IN INCREASING AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION IN NIGERIA
ABSTRACT
Considering
the abundant agro-opportunities around the country, Nigeria has no justifiable
reasons to constitute part of the over
one billion people currently facing danger of hunger across the world due to lack
of increase in agricultural production. It has been noted that one of the
reasons for the establishment of Enugu State commercial Agricultural
Development project is to assist the medium and small scale farmers to increase
agricultural production in the state and Nation as well. The research is an
empirical research work carried out scientifically by the use of statistical
data form questionnaire administered to a well. Informed staff of Enugu state.
Commercial Agricultural Development
project and some of the farmers that benefited from the programme. The
methodology used a widely accepted statistical tool I form of primary data,
from questionnaires and personal interviews with the target group. The data
collected for the research work was collected, presented and analyzed using
percentages and obsolete values. The finding of the research reveals that the
scheme or project has really helped a lot of farmers in Enugu state given them
grant and other moral supports. Therefore, it can affirmatively be concluded
that lack food security is endemic to the growth and development of our
economy. Also recommendations were proffered on the way forward for the growth
of our economy and the nation at large.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Agriculture
has been the backbone of the economy in Nigeria, providing employment and
source of livelihood for the increasing population. It accounted for the half
of the Gross Domestic product (GDP) of the Nigeria economy at independence in
1960 (Balogun, 2000: Olagunju, 2004).
However, the
role it plays in the Nigeria and economic development of the country has
diminished over the years due to the dominant role of crude oil sector in the
economy and in the Gross Domestic product aggregate share. In spite of this,
the sector accounts for about 40 percent of GDP and provides employment, both
formal and informal for about 60 percent of Nigerians 144 million people (Digbokar, 2001, Onyeahialam, 2002,
Dagunju 2007, National Agricultural economy and policy Report; 2009,
Odoemation, 2011).
To full
revitalize agricultural production in Nigeria, the federal government
established series of agricultural policies. These policies include the
National Accelerated food production programme: Operation feed the Nation;
Agricultural credit Government scheme; River Basin Development Authorities; the
Green Revolution; National Agricultural Land Development Authority (Aigboxar,
2001, Akande, 2006). The World Bank assisted Agricultural project (ADPs) was
also launched in 1972 (Balogun 2000,
Okeke 2000) to improve the traditional system of production and raise the
productivity, income and standard of living of small scale farmers who provide
over 60 percent of Gross Domestic food
supplies (Olayemi, 1980, Ayichi, 1995).
The success of the pilot schemes launched in Northern Nigeria in the enclave
areas of Funntu, Guzan and Gombe led to the expansion nationwide in 1984 (fasoranti, 2006, auta and Dafinang, 2010).
Commercial
Agricultural Development project (CADP) is the federal Government of Nigeria
initiative to diversity into non-oil source of economic growth very over
dependence on oil and gas sector.
The project
is carried at improving Agricultural production in Nigeria by supporting the
commercialization of Agricultural production, processing and marketing output
among small and medium scale commercial farmers and agro-processors.
To achieve
the desired objectives, the project is targeted at improving access of
participating commercial farmers to new technologies, improved infrastructures,
finance, output markets, strengthening agro-access to market for some targeted
value chairs among the commercial farmers five states “Cross River, Kaduna,
Kano and Lagos States are participating in this pilot phase of the project. The
value charis being promded in Enugu are poultry, fruit trees and maize as
staple crops.
It is
expected that socio-economic development of the people should reflect the
amount of resource being spent to improve the well being of the people, so the
project is focused on the extent the World Bank assisted project have actually
helped to enhance socio-economic development of the people of the state in
general.
Every year,
the world Bank through its agencies initiates and implements programmes and
projects that are aimed at ameliorating the problems of the people of the
state. These project, are intended to contribute to socio-economic development
of the state. These are packaged to enhance the goodness. The project are
people oriented, at is therefore imperative to examine the role of their
projects from the world vis- a-vics socio-economic development of the state. Are the World Bank
projects really assisting the state in her socio-economic development effort?
What is the
role of the World Bank project towards socio-economic development effort of the
state?
It has been
observed that the World Bank project in many countries is geared towards
improving the well being of the people. It is intended so the case of Enugu
State not be an exception.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEMS
The
following are problems/challenges that research work seeks to address:
- Most of all the aids from the
international agencies, in most cases don’t get to the farmers,
- International agencies do not know the
basic needs of the Nigeria formers, Therefore, The direct needs of the farmers
are not addressed in most cases of their intervention (foreign intervention)
- Issues that bothers on corruption are
making it difficult for the international agencies to make the desired impact
in Nigerian Agricultural sector.
- Illiteracy and Ignorance on the side of
the farmers are making it very difficult for adoption of modern farming
practices to have the desired effect in Nigeria Agricultural sector.
- Most of the farm inputs are obsolete and
out dated, in regards to achieving the desired improvement in the Agricultural
sector.
1.3 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
The main
objective of this study is to determine the extent of the role of international
Agencies in increasing Agricultural production in Nigeria. Analysis of World
Bank Assisted project in Enugu State (A case study of commercial Agricultural
Development project CADP).
The specific
objective deals with the purpose of research work, these objectives include:
1. To study the socio-economic characteristics
of beneficiaries of commercial Agricultural Development programmes.
2. To ascertain conditions leading to commercial
Agricultural Development programmes approving grant for farmers.
3. To find out the level of counterpart funding
compliance from commercial Agricultural Development programmes beneficiaries.
4. To ascertain the level of synergy which
excist between the donor, ie World Bank, federal government and Enugu State
Government.
5. To ascertain the number of beneficiaries of
the scheme or project since inception.
1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
These
research questions are developed for the purpose of getting information for
this study.
1. What are the socio-economic Characteristics
of beneficiaries of Commercial Agricultural Development programmes?
2. What are the procedures to be a beneficiary
of Enugu state commercial Agricultural Development scheme or project grant?
3. How many Kilometer (KM) of roads have Enugu
State commercial Agricultural Development programme constructed?
4. How many people have Enugu state commercial
Agricultural Development programme or project helped with grant?
5. Which area have Enugu commercial Agricultural
project or scheme offered grant?.
1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This
research work is significant in the following ways: It will be of help to
government. It will greatly help the policy makers of Agriculture to formulate
efficient policy. It will also be of help to students undergoing research on
similar topic.
In project
will also be of importance to the general public to know the extent of the role
played by the international agencies in increasing agricultural production in
Nigeria. It will also help to increase the knowledge of the researcher.
This
research work will also help farmers with the
needed information on how they can access aids (financial aids) to
improve their project, the international agencies will better informed on what
the needs of the farmers are as-well-as enable them channel their resources to
such areas.
1.6 SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY
The scope of
the work is within Enugu state all the communities in this state. Each
community has one peculiar and pressing socio-economic problem or the other and
this necessitated the sitting of the project.
Therefore,
to reflect the needs of the community in particular, and in some cases, a
project is sited to serve many communities irrespective of the location.
It must be
noted that a lot of factors actually constrained the in-depthness of the work
factor like time, finance and poor responses from the rural communities.
As the
researcher had to visit several rural areas to verity conditions of some of the
project sited there. It was not easy for some respondents to answer very simple
questions regarding the project located in their communities for fear of
political victimization.
Most of the
time of the researcher was spent in repetitions visit to respondents which
really affected the financial strength of the researcher as a student. even in
and semi-urban areas of the state, where
the researcher thought the community leaders would willingly respond to the question, was not easy as earlier
envisaged. The community leaders like the traditional rulers were not forth coming
to either critically elaborate the state of project sited in their community
because most of them (infact all the Igwes are paid by the government). So, he
who plays the piper dictates the time.
1.7 DEFINITION OF TERMS
The
following terms are defined for easy understanding of the background of the
project.
THE WORLD
BANK
The World
Bank is and international financial institution that provides loan to
developing countries for capital programmes.
The World
Bank’s official goal is the reduction of poverty.
DEVELOPMENT:
It Include
improvement in the welfare of citizens, eradication of poverty, elimination of
inequalities, income distribution, providing access to basic needs such as
shelter, food, clothing, health and education, creation of employment
opportunities and popular participation in information and implementation of
policies, programme in a given society.
INTERNATIONAL
This means
having to do with more than one nation. Also, it is an integration between or
among nations, pertaining to the intercourse of ration participated in by two
or more nations.
PRODUCTION:
Production
means the act of producing, meaning or creating something. It is also the act
of bringing something forward for use or
consideration.
AGRICULTURAL
Agriculture
is the act of science of cultivating the ground, including the harvesting of
crops and the rearing and management of livestock, tillage, husbandry etc.
COMMERCIAL
AGRICULTURE SCHEME
It is a body constituted by the Central
Bank of Nigeria (CBN), World Bank and
Federal Government to look into Agricultural and help in boosting Agricultural
faculties and also motivate farmers.
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