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EFFECT OF
SINGLE PARENTHOOD ON THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background to the Study
The family
is the child’s first place of contact with the world. The child as a result,
acquires initial education and socialization from parents and other significant
persons in the family. Agulana (2000) pointed out that the family lays the
psychological, moral, and spiritual foundation in the overall development of
the child. Structurally, family/homes are either broken or intact. A broken
home in this context is one that is not structurally intact, as a result of
divorce, separation, death of one of parent and illegitimacy. Frazer (2004)
posits that psychological home conditions arise mainly from illegitimacy of
children, the label of adopted child, broken homes, divorce and parental
deprivation. Such abnormal conditions of the home are likely to have a
detrimental effect on school performance of the child.
Life, in a
single parent family or broken home can be stressful for both the child and the
parent. Such families are faced with challenges of inadequate financial
resources (children defense find 2004). Schults (2006) noted that if
adolescents from unstable homes are to be compared with those from stable
homes, it would be seen that the former have more social, academic and
emotional problems. Rochlkepartain (2003) is of the opinion that the family and
its structure play a great role in children’s academic performance. Levin (2001)
states that parents are probably the actor with the clearest undimentionals
interest in a high level of their children’s academic performance. To some
extent, there is simple evidence to show that marital instability brings about
stress, tension, lack of motivation and frustration obviously, these
manifestations act negatively on a child’s academic performance.
Single-parenthood
can be defined as when one out of two people who is responsible for the
nurturing and child rearing is not available, and the work meant for two
people, is now been carried out by only one person. According to the Longman
Dictionary of Contemporary English, single-parenting is been defined as a
mother or father who looks after children on their own, without the other
partner. Single-parenting can be defined as a situation in which one of the two
individuals involved in the conception of the child is being responsible for
the upbringing of the child (Osunloye, 2008). Single-parenthood may arise when
either the male or the female decides to produce and rear a child or children
outside wedlock (Ortesse, 1998).
In Nigeria,
the existence of single-parenthood was unknown and where they existed they were
ignored as exceptional cases. However, nowadays, they are fast growing family
patterns both inside and outside Nigeria. In Nigeria, among Yoruba’s, the
parental roles are culturally determined and distributed. The maternal roles
are that of child-rearing, home training and playing of complimentary roles,
while the paternal roles are that of economic responsibilities and disciplines
of children. The child is morally, mentally upright and emotionally balanced
when the caring responsibilities are carried out by both parents. Therefore
this study will investigate theeffect of Single Parenthood on the Academic
Performance of Secondary School students in Business Education in education
district V of Lagos State.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
Academic
attainment is an important parameter in measuring success in students.
Observations and reports have shown that success or high academic achievement
has become a herculean task to accomplish by students in recent times. Poor
academic performance are being recorded annually both at the secondary and
tertiary levels of education in Nigeria (Tenibiaje, 2009). The performance of
students at all levels in educational institutions in Nigeria has attracted
much criticisms from all and sundry from time immemorial. This trend has made
observers to opine that that Poor academic performance recorded by business
studies students may not be unconnected to the family structure where the child
is being raised.
In Nigeria,
most home are not intact as a result of issues of incompatibility of the
couples, death of a parent and the quest for the oversea trips to make more
money, and at times due to marital infidelity. This has resulted in the
separation of couples and children. In some states in the federation, this is
quite clear, in that most young ladies abandon their homes, and embark on
oversea trips with a view to making money. Some men who travel abroad, abandon
their homes and would not communicate with the families back-home so children
from such homes are in dilemma, especially in terms of adjustment.
Moreover, a
single parent faces doubled responsibilities requiring time, attention and
money of the parent. Hence, less attention is paid to the education of the
child. The teachers commonly describe children from single parent as more
hostile, aggressive, anxious, fearful, hyperactive and distractive than children
from intact family (Tenibiaje, 2011).
In order to
ensure that children acquire appropriate and balanced social, psychological,
moral and academic development. Each of the parents has indispensable and
unique responsibility for the psychological, educational and career development
of their children. However the advent and subsequent societal acceptance of
single parenthood has distorted these complementary roles. This has in turn
impacted adversely on the total upbringing of the children including their
psycho well-being and educational performance. It on this premise that this
research study seeks to investigate the effect of Single Parenthood on the
Academic Performance of Secondary School students in Business Studies in
education district V of Lagos State.
1.3 Purpose of the Study
The general
purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between single parenthood
and academic performance of students in Business Studies in Lagos State. Other
specific objectives of this study are:
i) To examine the effect of single
parenthood on academic performance of secondary school students in Business
Studies.
ii) To find out the effect of a broken
home on students academic achievement.
iii) To examine the relationship between
academic performance of students from intact and single parent homes.
1.4 Research Questions
The study
was guided by the following research questions;
Q1: Does single parenthood have effect on
academic performance of secondary
school students in Business Studies?
Q2: What is the effect of a broken home on
students’ academic achievement?
Q3: What is the difference between the
academic performance of students from
intact and single parent homes?
1.5 Research Hypotheses
The
following research hypotheses were formulated and tested in the study:
H01: There is no significant relationship
between single parenthood and academic
performance of secondary school students in Business Studies.
H02: There is no significant relationship
between broken home and students’ academic achievement in Business Studies.
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