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FACTORS
CONTRIBUTING TO POOR PERFORMANCE OF STUDENTS IN ACCOUNTING EXAMINATION
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study
Education,
either formal or informal continues to shape the three domains of human
development. These are the cognitive, affective and the psychomotor domains.
Much then is said that formal education remains the vehicle for social-economic
development and social mobilization in any society. Therefore, education at the
basic level must be of a quality that will help the young ones to acquire
skills, knowledge, values and attitudes that will enable them to contribute
positively to the social, economic, political and moral development of the
society.
It is a
common practice these days in Nigeria for people to compare modern day graduates from the basic schools to those
of the ‘Middle’ Schools era in the 1950’s and 1960’s. Some graduates from the
‘Middle’ Schools gained direct entry into the Civil Service; some got appointed
as Pupil (untrained) Teachers and performed creditably. The Government of
Nigeria and other stakeholders in education have put in place a number of
measures aimed at addressing this perceived poor performance of pupils at the
basic level of education and improving the general quality of education in the
country.
Education
might be seen as the best legacy a nation can give to her citizens especially
the youth. This is because the development of any nation or community depends
largely on the quality of education of such a nation. It might also be seen as
helping individuals to grow, develop, earn a decent living in the society and
contribute positively to the welfare of the society in which they live. It is
generally believed that the basis for any true development must commence with
the development of human resources. It could also be considered to be a
reliable tool for poverty reduction apart from its direct functions of
increasing knowledge, building skills, values and attitudes and opening for
critical thinking.
According to
Mayer (1960), a teacher’s influence can be unlimited and his/her ideas can
affect thousands. He further states that one of the foremost problems of
education deals with the recruitment and preparation of teachers. Recognizing
this and the fact that pupils’ performance at the basic level cannot be
improved without a conscious effort at upgrading the knowledge of teachers at
this level of education, the Government of Nigeria has initiated certain
policies aimed at improving the quality of teachers at the basic level.
Various
researchers have investigated and found a number of factors that contribute to
poor performance of pupils in basic schools in Nigeria. The findings of these
researchers are available and presumed to be guiding policy makers in
addressing this problem at hand, yet pupils’ performances at the basic school
level continue to fall in the country, especially in the rural areas and among
fishing communities. There is therefore the need to conduct further research
into the causes with the view of finding out other factors contributing to poor
performance of students in the schools and probably suggest ways of managing
them.
Statement of
the Problem
Academic
performance of students in Accounting Examination has received much attention
of late in the Nigerian educational system. At the beginning of every academic
year when (WAEC) results are released, educational stakeholders raise a lot of
concerns about the falling performance of students. Quansah’s (1997) analysis
of the National Criterion Reference Test (CRT) results showed poor mastery of
numeracy and literacy of students, especially in the rural areas.
Some schools
in the Ondo State have similar problems of poor performance of students in the
WAEC. From the analysis of the 2009 WAEC results (refer to appendix B) of 19
public schools in Ondo state Education state, twelve (12) schools had below 50%
pass with one school scoring zero per cent pass. Results from the previous
years were no better. From the comparative analysis of the 2007 and 2008 WAEC
results for the Central Region (refer to appendix B), out of the 13 districts
that took part in the examination, 9 districts showed fallen standard in performance.
Even though
researches (Adjei, 1996; Paaku, 2008) have identified some internal and
external school related factors that have contributed to this state of affairs
in certain parts of the country, the education directorate and parents in the
Ondo State have expressed great concern about the recurring failure of students
in Accounting Examinations especially in the public schools. There is therefore
the need to conduct an inquiry into what factors contribute to this state of
affairs and to suggest ways of improving upon the situation hence this
research.
Purpose of
the Study
The purpose
of this study was to find out factors that contribute to poor performance of
students in the Accounting examination in Ondo state State.
Therefore, the specific purpose of the study
is to:
Identify
school related factors that contribute to poor performance of accounting
students.
Find out
what factors outside the school environment affect the academic performance of
students in Accounting.
Discover what mechanisms exist in monitoring
students’ performance in schools in Ondo State.
Research Questions
In order to meet the purpose of the study, the
following research questions guided the study:
What school
related factors affect the academic performance of accounting students?
What outside
school factors influence academic performance of students in accounting
Education?
What
mechanisms exist in monitoring students’ academic performance in schools in
Ondo State?
Significance of the Study
It is
envisaged that findings from the study may reveal factors that influence the
academic performance of students in Accounting Examination in Ondo State. This
exposition would help ondo state state Directorate to adapt workable measures
or strategies that are likely to improve the performance of students in
accounting.
The study
would provide information that is likely to be useful for the purposes of
In-Service Training for teachers and other stakeholders in education in the
State. It may also serve as a reference material for policymakers to consider
in the design of programmes to pursue at the basic level of education that
might yield encouraging WAEC results.
Finally,
this study is likely to inspire other researchers to embark on similar studies
into factors affecting academic performance of students in Accounting
Examination in other Districts and satieties, so that more general information
about factors that contribute to falling standards in education especially in
Public schools could be obtained and addressed to improve academic performance
of students.
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