EFFECT OF PEER GROUP AND PARENTAL SOCIO-ECONOMIC BACKGROUND ON CAREER CHOICE OF BUSINESS EDUCATION UNDERGRADUATES
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EFFECT OF
PEER GROUP AND PARENTAL SOCIO-ECONOMIC BACKGROUND ON CAREER CHOICE OF BUSINESS
EDUCATION UNDERGRADUATES
ABSTRACT
The study
examines the effect of Peer Group and Parental Socio-Economic background on
Career Choice of business education undergraduates in Lagos State. Specific
objectives of the study are to investigate the role played by peer group in
career choice of an undergraduate, to find out if parents level of education
have any influence on students career choice, and to determine the relationship
between peer group and parental socio-economic and career choice of
undergraduates. In carrying out the study descriptive research design was
employed, the population of the study comprises the entire parent and
undergraduate student in the University of Lagos, while the sample size
analysed was one hundred and forty five (145), out of the one hundred and fifty
respondents sampled.The returned questionnaires were analysed using descriptive
statistics while stated hypotheses were tested using chi-square technique. The
study found that peer group plays significant role in career choice of an
undergraduate; and that parents level of education have significant influence
on students’ career choice. The study also established that parental economic
status has significant effect on career choice of undergraduate. Based on this,
the study recommends that youths should avoid mingling with friends that will
lead them into making a wrong career decision. Parent are also encouraged to
invest immensely in their children education and not deprive them of the will
to pursue their dreams in any way as the study has shown that parental economic
status also influences career choice among youths
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1
Background to the Study
Schooling
days is one time where a youth’s mind is most susceptible to influence, ideas
and values which alter the way a person thinks, acts and perceives things
(Oyebode, 2010). This is a particularly important moment which will affect
one’s own decision-making processes and career choices. Thus, parents are
always assumed to play significant role in shaping and influencing how their
school-going children make wise career decisions, which inevitably, impact
their future career choice. From another perspective, parents are also considered
influential which in turn means they also have the ability to influence their
children’s future. As students are invariably impressionable, their decisions
could be very much influenced by their parents, but peers‟ influence on their
choice of career should also not be underestimated (Oto, 2014).
Career may
be defined as the progress and actions taken by a person throughout a lifetime,
specially related to that person‘s occupations. A career is often composed of
the jobs held, titles earned and work accomplished over a long period of time,
rather than just referring to one‘s position (Knowles, 2014). (Fayomi, 2012)
defines career as an occupation or profession, especially one requiring special
training, followed as one‘s lifework. It also defines career as a person‘s
progress or general course of action through a phase of life, as in some
profession or undertaking (Head, 2015).
Choosing a
career is an extremely important decision that impacts an individual‘s entire
future. Career exploration is defined as the extent to which possible careers
are researched and considered. Research by Breakwell G. and Beardsell (2013),
has suggested that exploring career options before committing to a career
increases future career success and satisfaction. However, the choice of career
by an individual is influenced by various factors and among them parental and
social influence is very important. Each individual undertaking the process is
influenced by many factors, including the context in which they live, friends
and peer group and parental socio-economic background and status (Calkins,
2013).
Friends and
peer group are important for individual socialization as well
as behavioral modification whilesuch group include same-age group i.e. not necessarily friends while its
formation is dependent on multiple factors including situation, an accident, or
association (Farley, 2014). The development of a child is initially the outcome
of family, however; peer overtakes the socialization process with the selection
and adoption oflifestyle, appearance, social activities, academics, career etc
(Odusanya, 2008). Similarly, peer and friends arepivotal and dramatic in
shaping individual’s perceptions, attitudes and ideas to understand the outside
world as well as decisions in future lives.
Parental
socio economic status plays an important role in the life of a child. The
status opens the ways for his progress. Intelligence, attitudes, aptitudes and
even interests are patterned by socio economic background of the individual.
Socio economic status refers to the position that an individual and family
occupies with reference to prevailing average standards, cultural possession
and participation in group activity of community. It is also said that socio
economic status includes both the social and economic status of the individual
in the group. The variations in achievement are also due to the differences in
socio economic status of the children, differential treatment given by parents,
parent’s educational level, and influence of the surroundings and so on
(Fishbein and Ajzen, 2015). As pointed out by Awolowo (2012) children belonging
to higher socio economic status are not only brilliant but also are provided
better opportunities for developing intellectually, physically and emotionally,
and these has effect on their career choice. Hence, the purpose of this study
is to examine the effect of peer group and parental socio-economic background
on career choice of business education undergraduates in Lagos State.
1.2
Statement of the Problem
The choice
of career made by university undergraduates is greatly influenced by the
experience the individual undergoes right from childhood, the type of
information made available as he matures and the way the parents direct the
vocational choice of their children. The opportunities and facilities available
to the child and hence his choice of career can be either facilitated or
inhibited to a large extent by the experiences that his parents make available
to him.
The problem
is, what kind of effects do the peer group and the parental socio-economic
background have on the career choice of undergraduates?
1.3
Objectives of the Study
The objectives of the study is to appraise the
effect of Peer Group and Parental Socio-Economic background on Career Choice of
Business Education undergraduates in Lagos State
Specific
objectives of the study are to:
Investigate the role played by peer group
in career choice of undergraduates
Find out if parents level of education have
any influence on students career choice
Determine the relationship between peer
group and parental socio-economic and career choice of undergraduates
Evaluate the effect of parental economic
status on career choice of undergraduate
1.4 Research
Question
The
following research questions are answered in this study:
What is the role played by peer group in
career choice of undergraduates?
Will parents’ level of education have any
influence on students’ career choice?
What is the relationship between peer group
and parental socio-economic and career choice of undergraduates?
What is the effect of parental economic
status on career choice of undergraduates?
1.5 Research
Hypotheses
The
following hypotheses are formulated for this study.
Hypothesis I
Ho: Peer
group plays no significant role in career choice of an undergraduate
Hi: Peer
group plays significant role in career choice of an undergraduate
Hypothesis
II
Ho: Parents
level of education have no significant influence on students’ career choice
Hi: Parents
level of education have significant influence on students’ career choice
Hypothesis
III
Ho: Parental
economic status has no significant effect on career choice of undergraduate
Hi: Parental
economic status has significant effect on career choice of undergraduate
Hypothesis
IV
Ho: There is
no significant relationship between peer group and parental socio-economic and
career choice of undergraduates
Hi: There is
significant relationship between peer group and parental socio-economic and career
choice of undergraduates
1.6
Significance of the Study
The study
seeks to assist the educators and educational institutions to have a better
understanding of their students on the impact of influences from parents and
peers in making career choice. It is also hoped that findings from the study
will help the institutions and related bodies to develop a better plan that can
guide and expose undergraduates to understand their profession clearly. The
study will also educate parents on their role in guiding their children and
wards in choosing a career for themselves. The study will also serve as a
theoretical basis for future researcher that will be carrying out research
around the research domain. Lastly, the study is a requirement for the award of
degree in this great institution of higher learning (University of Lagos).
1.7 Scope of
the Study
The coverage
of the study is limited to appraising the effect of peer group and parental
socio-economic background on career choice of business education undergraduates
in Lagos State. The focus of this study is on students of the University of
Lagos, Akoka, Yaba,Lagos.
1.8
Operational Definition of Terms
It is
pragmatically essential to exegesis on the various operational definitions of
major concepts of this topic. Below are some of such important terms:
Career: This refers to what one does for a living,
that is source of livelihood, occupation or profession.
Career
Choice: Career choice is the occupation or professional path that an individual
chooses.
Peers: Peers
are one’s age mates, class mates or friends.
Peer Group:
This refers to the age group to which a student or an individual belong
Parent:
Father and mother of the individual student.
Socio-Economic
Background: This refers to the social and economic class or level to which a
family belongs in the society. In any society, this could be high, middle class
or lower class.
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